汞水平对苋菜种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的氯化汞溶液(0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/L)对不同品种苋菜种子进行浸种处理。结果表明,Hg+对苋菜种子萌发的影响在低浓度时有促进作用,随着Hg+浓度增加,苋菜种子的根长和芽长都明显减少,当Hg+浓度达到100 mg/L时,苋菜种子见萌芽,但都有红褐色痕迹,即汞污染现象非常明显;Hg+较高浓度时,各个不同品种苋菜种子导电率相对较高,种子活力相对较低。     

秋种马铃薯高产栽培技术

经过多年多点示范,总结出高山秋种马铃薯高产栽培技术。即秋种马铃薯以选择排灌水方便的沙壤土或黄壤土为宜,忌与茄科作物连作;8月上中旬,采用单垄双行双三角形播种,密度5.25万~6.00万株/hm2;合理施肥,注意防治病虫害。     

氮肥与密度互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响

为明确花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥水平和种植密度,本研究于2018年和2019年以‘花育22’为供试花生品种,设置3个氮肥水平(0 kg hm~(–2), N0; 60 kg hm~(–2), N1; 120 kg hm~(–2), N2), 3个种植密度(7.93万株hm~(–2), D1; 15.86万株hm~(–2),D2; 23.79万株hm~(–2), D3),采用二因素裂区试验设计,研究氮肥、密度及其互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响。氮肥对花生根长、根表面积、根体积、根干重的影响不显著,而密度的影响显著。单株根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而降低, D1显著高于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著;单位面积根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而增加, D1显著低于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著。氮肥和密度互作对2019年收获期单位面积根长、根表面积的影响显著,与D1相比, N1处理下D3的增幅显著高于N0和N2处理。氮肥及氮肥与密度互作对植株性状的影响存在年度和时期间的差异,主茎叶片数、侧枝数和主茎第一节间粗随密度增加有降低趋势。氮肥对荚果产量的影响不显著,荚果产量随密度的增加呈增加的趋势。产量与根体积、根干重、主茎叶片数、主茎高及侧枝长呈显著正相关。综上所述,在本试验条件下,花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥(N)水平为60 kg hm~(-2),种植密度为18.8万株hm~(-2)。     

宁夏马铃薯脱毒种薯产业的发展现状及对策

为宁夏自治区马铃薯种薯产业的发展提供理论依据和实践参考,介绍了宁夏马铃薯脱毒种薯产业的发展现状,详细分析了该产业在不断发展的过程中出现的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

低温胁迫下马铃薯的数字基因表达谱分析

以马铃薯品种合作88为材料,利用数字基因表达谱(DGE)技术,对–2℃低温胁迫处理后的马铃薯叶片c DNA文库进行差异基因表达谱分析。结果表明,有28 505个基因受低温胁迫诱导差异表达,其中上调表达基因13 703个,下调表达基因14 802个。GO功能显著性富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及信号生物代谢过程、氧化还原过程、能量代谢、次生代谢过程以及催化活性。KEGG富集分析表明,上调表达基因主要富集于苯丙烷、光合作用天线蛋白、类胡萝卜素的生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢及淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径,而下调表达基因主要富集于植物激素信号转导途径。利用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)验证4个DEGs在低温胁迫条件下的差异表达,其结果与DGE分析结果基本一致,证实了DGE测序结果的可靠性。     

Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa is a potential new seed crop for protein feed and human consumption in Europe, with tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. For this purpose the study was planned to analyse the effect of important agronomic strategies like nitrogen level, N application strategy, row spacing and harvest time on yield and quality of quinoa. The experiments took place in the field of the experimental station of the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Three levels of organic nitrogen from slurry was used (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha^?1), supplied either all at once at sowing, or split between sowing and beginning of the reproductive phase. The effect of row spacing and harvest time was studied by harvesting seeds at seed maturity, which occurred 2–3 weeks prior to the mechanical harvest by threshing, and a couple of months after. Yield increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an application up to 180 kg N ha^?1, reaching 2200 kg ha^?1. Increasing N also caused a significantly increased seed weight (up to 3.3 mg) and protein content (up to 17 %). N level did not affect number and amount of weeds. Split application with part of the N applied at bud formation did not have a significant effect on yield. Delayed harvest had a negative influence on seed weight, whereas protein content was stable after harvesting even a month after seed maturity. A late harvest significantly reduced seed germination, being reduced by 50 % after a 2‐month delay. A conclusion from this study is that both yield and protein content of seed can be manipulated by N level and application strategy. Harvest time is important for securing a high seed quality measured as seed germination, seed weight and protein content. A fast germination of quinoa is an important characteristic demonstrating that the crop has good possibilities for being well‐established in the field when free from weeds at the time of sowing. The choice of row spacing is important and depends on weed control method. Weed control strategy should be developed based on modern precision tools.     

球花石楠种子育苗技术

从采种及种子处理、苗圃地选择、整地方式、播种方法及苗期管理、病虫害防治等方面阐述了球花石楠种子育苗技术,可为生产应用提供参考。     

我国马铃薯价格波动规律研究--基于X-12和H-P滤波法的实证分析

马铃薯作为重要的农产品之一,其价格波动受多种因素影响。本文采用X-12模型和H-P滤波法,选取2005年1月至2015年12月全国农产品批发市场价格的月度数据,将其波动分解为季节性、周期性、趋势性和不规则性波动4种类型。结果显示,马铃薯生产的季节性是价格季节性波动的主要原因;成本上升及消费量增加推动价格趋势性上涨但总体趋于平缓;马铃薯价格呈明显的周期性波动,平均周期约为47个月;天气变化、市场突发事件等是价格不规则性波动的主要影响因素。对此,需扎实推进马铃薯生产稳定发展、健全全产业链信息分析预警机制、完善马铃薯价格保险制度,并推进马铃薯一二三产业融合发展,确保薯农收益稳定增长和市场供需基本平衡,促进市场平稳运行。     

Short time effects of biological and inter-row subsoiling on yield of potatoes grown on a loamy sand,and on soil penetration resistance,root growth and nitrogen uptake

Soil compaction, especially subsoil compaction, in agricultural fields has increased due to widespread use of heavy machines and intensification of vehicular traffic. Subsoil compaction changes the relative distribution of roots between soil layers and may restrict root development to the upper part of the soil profile, limiting water and mineral availability. This study investigated the direct effects of inter-row subsoiling, biological subsoiling and a combination of these two methods on soil penetration resistance, root length density, nitrogen uptake and yield. In field experiments with potatoes in 2013 and 2014, inter-row subsoiling (subsoiler) and biological subsoiling (preceding crops) were studied as two potential methods to reduce soil penetration resistance. Inter-row subsoiling was carried out post planting and the preceding crops were established one year, or in one case two years, prior to planting. Soil resistance was determined with a penetrometer three weeks after the potatoes were planted and root length density was measured after soil core sampling 2 months after emergence. Nitrogen uptake was determined in haulm (at haulm killing) and tubers (at harvest). Inter-row subsoiling had the greatest effect on soil penetration resistance, whereas biological subsoiling showed no effects. Root length density (RDL) in the combined treatment was higher than in the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments and the control, whereas for the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments, RLD was higher than in the control. Nitrogen uptake increased with inter-row subsoiling and was significantly higher than in the biological subsoiling and control treatments. However, in these experiments with a good supply of nutrients and water, no yield differences between any treatments were observed.     

不同土豆添加量对蝴蝶兰“光芒四射”增殖生长的影响

以蝴蝶兰"光芒四射"增殖芽为外植体,研究了不同的土豆添加量对其增殖倍率及转接周期的影响。结果表明,在K6培养基中加入土豆40g/L对"光芒四射"的增殖效果最好,使其转接周期从60d缩至50d,增殖倍率从1.80增至2.52。