Diversity of Nordic Landrace Potatoes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.) Revealed by AFLPs and Morphological Characters

The management of genebank collections of cultivated potato is costly due to the need for in vitro maintenance and virus eradication. Therefore, it is important to set up conservation strategies, which prevent duplicates entering the collections. In this study, 32 Nordic potato landraces were studied for 57 morphological traits and analysed for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Most landraces could be distinguished based on the morphological characters, except five accessions. Using five primer combinations to generate 114 reproducible AFLPs, of which 63 (55%) were polymorphic, the five morphologically indistinguishable accessions were placed into two groups with identical AFLP patterns, suggesting that some of the accessions were redundant for long-term preservation. The AFLP data showed that the Nordic collection of potato landraces is composed of genetically different clones, and morphological analysis revealed a wide range of variability. This variability seems to be distributed randomly over the Nordic region since the cluster analysis based on AFLPs and morphological traits revealed no grouping based on the country of origin. Principal component analysis suggests that fewer morphological traits than used in this study will be sufficient to discriminate between different genotypes of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Future possibilities for rationalising potato collections are discussed.     

平衡施肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

通过平衡施肥对马铃薯产量和品质影响的研究,结果表明:在当地条件下,马铃薯最佳经济施肥量为N141 15kg/hm2,P2O5104 55kg/hm2,K2O198 90kg/hm2,施用比例1 0 74 1 41,最佳产量31845 30kg/hm2,施肥利润3306 90元/hm2,投产比1 3 63。采用平衡施肥能增加马铃薯产量,降低薯块硝酸盐和还原糖含量,并能增加淀粉含量,从而提高马铃薯产品品质,增加效益。马铃薯硝酸盐含量随氮肥施用量增加而增加,施用磷钾肥能明显降低硝酸盐含量。我区马铃薯生产重金属污染均未超标,符合国家食品卫生标准。     

Genetic and economic aspects of marker-assisted reduction of redundancy from a wild potato germplasm collection

The wild potato germplasm collection of the series Acaulia, maintained at the Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands, consists of 314 accessions. In previous investigations, 15 potential duplication groups with a total of 36 accessions were identified based on AFLP analysis of a limited sample per accession. In the present study, the potential redundancies, plus one additional accession, were studied with increased sample sizes to examine intra- and inter-accession variation more accurately, with the aim to reduce the size of the collection. No variation was observed within two potential duplication groups, whereas only limited differentiation among accessions was detected within seven groups, resulting in a total of 15 redundant accessions (nearly 5% of the collection). A cluster analysis of all the accessions of the collection showed that these nine groups each had a distinct identity. It was decided to maintain the accessions of the remaining six groups as separate entries based on the large differentiation observed among accessions and the absence of a clear identity. An analysis of molecular variance in the set of 37 accessions showed that 91% of the observed variation could be found among accessions. This variance component appeared unaffected when the set was analysed without the 15 redundant accessions. The invested costs to identify redundancies in the series Acaulia by AFLP analysis are estimated at k 57.3, whereas the savings achieved by reduction of the collection are estimated at k 21.0 per generation. However, a cost-benefit analysis should not only focus on the short-term return of investments, but should also consider the value of newly obtained data and information. These include taxonomic information about accessions, optimised sampling strategies, optimised regeneration procedures, additional data for core collection formation and more efficient utilisation of germplasm.     

Influence of temperature on the motility of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and control of Globodera rostochiensis

The motility and efficacy of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans as a biocontrol agent against the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis were studied with respect to temperature. The influence of soil moisture on bacterial movement was also tested. In a closed container trial, P. oryzihabitans significantly reduced invasion of second stage juveniles (J2) of G. rostochiensis in potato roots, its effect being more marked at 25 and 21 °C than at 17 °C. P. oryzihabitans motility in vitro was optimal at 26 °C and inhibited at temperatures below 18 °C. In soil, both temperature and matric potential affected bacterial movement. At 16 °C its movement and survival were suppressed, but they were unaffected at 25 °C. At both temperatures the biocontrol agent moved faster in the wetter (−0.03 MPa) than in the drier soil (−0.1 MPa). These results suggest that temperature is a key factor in determining the potential of P. oryzihabitans as a biocontrol agent.     

秋马铃薯栽培技术

屏南县自然条件适合秋马铃薯种植,从地块选择、品种选择、整地施肥、催芽播种、田间管理、病虫害防治等方面总结了秋马铃薯高产栽培技术。     

马铃薯新品种对比试验初报

以紫花851为对照,选择5个马铃薯新品种进行对比试验,结果表明:兴佳2号和丽薯6号产量较高,综合表现较好,建议继续参试。     

马铃薯品种大西洋高产栽培技术研究

[目的]探讨密度和氮磷钾肥料不同配比对马铃薯品种大西洋产量的影响。[方法]采用4因素5水平二次回归旋转组合设计,在哈尔滨地区的土壤条件下,通过田间试验,以密度(X1)、尿素(X2)、二铵(X3)、硫酸钾(X4)4项农艺措施为决策变量,以公顷产量为目标函数,建立产量数学模型。[结果]试验表明,影响鲜薯产量的顺序是氮肥钾肥磷肥密度;经计算机模拟寻优,鲜薯产量大于28.72 t/hm2的优化组合为密度64 482~70 518穴/hm2、尿素267.23~292.21 kg/hm2、二铵232.94~277.06 kg/hm2、硫酸钾418.20~462.75 kg/hm2。[结论]研究可为黑龙江地区提高加工专用马铃薯品种大西洋的产量、改善土壤状况、防止过量施肥照成环境污染提供参考依据。     

马铃薯StCYP83B1基因过表达载体构建及遗传转化

旨在为解析马铃薯StCYP83B1基因的免疫功能提供重要材料基础,从四倍体马铃薯栽培种‘大西洋’的cDNA中克隆到StCYP83B1基因,将其与融合mCherry标签的35S::pART27重组载体连接,构建p35S::StCYP83B1 mCherry植物过表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导的本氏烟瞬时表达体系确认该蛋白的表达;利用农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化方法,将p35S::StCYP83B1 mCherry转入马铃薯中,随机挑选3株转基因植株进行鉴定：PCR检测证明StCYP83B1已整合到马铃薯基因组中,反转录实时定量PCR检测表明StCYP83B1在转化植株中的转录水平比未转化的对照植株上调40~49倍,免疫印迹检测表明StCYP83B1蛋白可以在转化植株中正常表达。同时,对转化马铃薯植株及微型薯的表型鉴定表明,StCYP83B1过量表达并不影响马铃薯的正常生长发育。该稳定转化马铃薯植株的获得为后续深入解析StCYP83B1基因的免疫功能及作用机制奠定了重要材料基础。     

我国马铃薯价格波动规律研究--基于X-12和H-P滤波法的实证分析

马铃薯作为重要的农产品之一,其价格波动受多种因素影响。本文采用X-12模型和H-P滤波法,选取2005年1月至2015年12月全国农产品批发市场价格的月度数据,将其波动分解为季节性、周期性、趋势性和不规则性波动4种类型。结果显示,马铃薯生产的季节性是价格季节性波动的主要原因;成本上升及消费量增加推动价格趋势性上涨但总体趋于平缓;马铃薯价格呈明显的周期性波动,平均周期约为47个月;天气变化、市场突发事件等是价格不规则性波动的主要影响因素。对此,需扎实推进马铃薯生产稳定发展、健全全产业链信息分析预警机制、完善马铃薯价格保险制度,并推进马铃薯一二三产业融合发展,确保薯农收益稳定增长和市场供需基本平衡,促进市场平稳运行。     

云南省马铃薯新品种选育和推广存在问题及对策

根据马铃薯生长特性和云南省实际,分析了云南省马铃薯新品种选育和推广工作存在的问题,并提出了对策思路。