活性氧(ROS)对小鼠早期胚胎胚细胞分裂的影响

在体外CZB培养的不同时期添加过氧化氢(2.1μmol/L),发育至囊胚阶段,制作胚胎标本,观察其囊胚发育率、胚细胞数和分裂相数。结果显示:0~12 h组和0~72 h组的胚胎发育率显著低于其他几组(P<0.05),对照组、12~24 h组、24~36 h组、36~48 h组之间均差异不显著(P>0.05);各组之间的胚细胞数和分裂指数均无显著差异。说明胚胎在体外培养时,2细胞期胚胎对外源性H2O2最敏感,也最容易发生发育阻滞。但是经H2O2处理之后,度过2细胞期发育阻滞的胚胎能在以后的发育中发生补偿性生长,其胚细胞数和分裂指数都和体外正常发育的胚胎没有差异。     

红细胞钾作为南方中国荷斯坦牛耐热性遗传标记的研究

为探讨建立奶牛耐热性评定指标,本研究以湖南省奶牛原种场及某企业牛场饲养的144头荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,于2005年9月从牛尾采集血液样品,分析测定了红细胞中的钾含量及钾含量的遗传力。结果参试牛群红细胞钾含量在牛群中呈正态分布,平均为636．35±141．53 mg／L。红细胞钾含量主要受遗传控制,其遗传力为0．318,表明红细胞钾含量可以作为奶牛耐热性选择指标,通过对该指标的测定和分析有助于建立奶牛高产耐热品系。     

Pharmacokinetics of xylazine after 2-, 4-, and 6-hr durations of continuous rate infusions in horses

Intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of xylazine (XYL) (0.5 mg/kg) immediately followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1 mg kg⁻¹ hr⁻¹ for 2, 4, and 6 hr produced immediate sedation, which lasted throughout the duration of the CRI. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased significantly (p > .05) in all horses during the first 15 min of infusion, both returned to and then remained at baseline during the duration of the infusion. Compartmental models were used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of XYL administration. Plasma concentration–time curves following bolus and CRI were best described by a one-compartment model. No differences were found between pharmacokinetic estimates of the CRIs for the fractional elimination rate constant (K_e), half-life (t_1/2e), volume of distribution (V_d), and clearance (Cl). Median and range were 0.42 (0.15–0.97)/hr, 1.68 (0.87–4.52) hr, 5.85 (2.10–19.34) L/kg, and 28.7 (19.6–39.5) ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, respectively. Significant differences were seen for area under the curve ( ) (p < .0002) and maximum concentration (C_max) (p < .04). This indicates that with increasing duration of infusion, XYL may not accumulate in a clinically relevant way and hence no adjustments are required in a longer XYL CRI to maintain a constant level of sedation and a rapid recovery.     

利用兽药典方法对青霉素钾工业盐和原料药的检测比较

为了辨别青霉素钾工业盐和青霉素钾原料药,依据《中国兽药典》中青霉素钾的质量标准,对四家青霉素原料药生产企业提供的4批青霉素钾工业盐和4批青霉素钾原料药进行了检测,项目包括性状、鉴别、吸光度、结晶性、溶液澄清度与颜色、青霉素聚合物、干燥失重、不溶性微粒、酸碱度、有关物质、细菌内毒素、可见异物、无菌和含量测定。结果表明,8批样品均符合现行兽药典青霉素钾标准中各项规定,但结果无法用以区分青霉素钾工业盐和青霉素钾原料药,提示青霉素钾的质量标准需进一步完善,以提高对成品药——注射用青霉素钾的质量控制。     

浙农大A系意蜂生产性能考察试验报告

用杂交一代蜂群进行对比试验的结果表明,浙农大 A 系意蜂的产育力、群势增长速度、采蜜量等,与平湖意蜂和澳大利亚意蜂无显著差异或基本一致,但蜂王浆高产性能表现突出,产量比平湖意蜂高19.5%,比澳意高42.5%,而且质量指标符合国家规定和出口标准。     

The impact of MK-467 on sedation,heart rate and arterial blood pressure after intramuscular coadministration with dexmedetomidine in conscious cats

Objective

To study the effects of MK-467, a peripheral α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist, on sedation, heart rate and blood pressure after intramuscular (IM) coadministration with 25 μg kg^?1 of dexmedetomidine in cats.

冬季羔羊舍饲育肥中应用膨润土的试验研究

在玉米秸为主的日粮中每头添加膨润土１６ｇ／ｄ和羟甲基尿素２０ｇ／ｄ进行羔羊快速育肥试验。结果表明,羔羊日增重由对照组的６５．００ｇ提高到试验组的１２０．６３ｇ,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饲料转化效率提高４６．０１％。４０ｄ后羔羊瘤胃液ｐＨ值明显降低。膨润土能改善羔羊瘤胃消化代谢并促进羔羊生长。     

Reproductive characteristics in female Swedish moose (Alces alces), with emphasis on puberty,timing of oestrus,and mating

Background

The moose (Alces alces) is an intensively managed keystone species in Fennoscandia. Several aspects of reproduction in moose have not been fully elucidated, including puberty, timing of mating and oestrus, and the length of the oestrus period. These aspects are relevant for an adaptive management of moose with respect to harvest, population size, demography and environmental conditions. Therefore, an investigation of female moose reproduction was conducted during the moose-hunting period in southern Sweden from 2008 to 2011.

Results

A total of 250 reproductive organs and information on carcass weight and age was collected from four different hunting areas (provinces of Öland, Småland, Södermanland, and Västergötland) in southern Sweden. The results showed that puberty in female moose varied with carcass weight, age, and time of season. The period for oestrous/mating lasted from about mid September to the beginning of November.

Conclusions

The oestrus period (predominantly for heifers) is longer than previously reported and was not finished when the hunting period started. Sampling the uterine cervix to detect spermatozoa was a useful method to determine if mating had occurred. To avoid hunting of moose during oestrus, we suggest that the hunting period should be postponed by at least 14 days in southern Sweden.     

Cardiac arrhythmias and electrolyte disturbances in colic horses

Background

Despite increased focus on cardiac arrhythmias in horses, the nature and prevalence is still poorly described. Case reports suggest that arrhythmias occurring secondary to systemic disease are seen more commonly in the clinic than arrhythmias caused by cardiac disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of arrhythmias in colic horses referred for hospital treatment. Associations between electrolyte disturbances and arrhythmias were also investigated.The study population consisted of eight control horses and 22 referred colic horses. A Holter electrocardiography (ECG) was recorded during the first 24 hours of admission. The ECG’s were analysed by a software program followed by manual visual inspection. Arrhythmias registered included second degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks, supraventricular premature complexes (SVPCs), and ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). Blood was collected at admission and again between 12 and 24 hours after ECG was applied, and analysed for concentrations of potassium, sodium, ionised calcium, chloride, glucose, and L-lactate.

Results

Heart rate was 37.4 ± 3.7 bpm in the control group, and 51.6 ± 11.8 bpm, in the colic group, which was significantly different (P < 0.0001). AV blocks and SVPCs were found in both groups, however only colic horses showed VPCs. No significant difference between the two groups was found for AV blocks, SVPCs, and VPCs (P = 0.08 - 0.76). The mean levels of potassium, sodium, ionized calcium, and chloride were significantly lower in the colic group compared to the control group at admission. Mean levels of glucose and L-lactate were significantly elevated in the colic group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study describes prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and electrolytes concentrations in colic horses compared to healthy controls. Although we only observed VPCs in the colic horses, no significant differences between colic horses and controls were found. Despite the colic horses having electrolyte changes at admission no correlation was found between the electrolyte disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias. Although no clear conclusions can be drawn from the present study, the results indicate that relatively mild colic per se is not pro-arrhythmogenic, whereas severe colic probably are more likely to result in ventricular arrhythmia.