甘蓝细胞质雄性不育材料分子鉴定及花器官形态对核背景的响应

对从国内外引进的15份甘蓝细胞质不育材料进行分子鉴定,并通过多代连续回交转育,研究转育后代花器官形态对核背景的响应。结果发现,15份不育材料中有14份为萝卜胞质不育（Ogu CMS）,仅1份为甘蓝型油菜胞质不育（Nap CMS）。细胞质不育材料花器官对核背景的响应,Nap型主要表现3种类型,第1类与原材料相近或呈负响应,第2类表现为正响应,第3类花器官不同部位响应不一,呈现正或负响应;Ogu型主要表现为不变化或较弱的正响应。不同来源胞质材料的花器形态对同一核背景的响应,因自交系不同而异,对于自交系K1、N4,不同来源胞质材料对其响应趋于一致,对自交系37、F1、G7的响应,在不同来源胞质材料间存在差异。     

羽衣甘蓝ARC1 蛋白的原核表达、纯化及泛素连接酶活性分析

 ARC1 是植物特有的一类含有U-box/ARM 结构域的蛋白,在芸薹属植物自交不亲和 （self-incompatibility,SI）信号转导中起着正向调控因子的作用。将羽衣甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var. acephala）BoARC1 编码区的序列连接到原核表达载体pET-14b 上,通过酶切鉴定和测序分析,构建pET-14b- BoARC1 表达质粒;将获得的阳性表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21（DE3）pLysS 中,利用IPTG 进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE 结果显示,在分子量69 kD 处有BoARC1 蛋白特异性地诱导表达;利用Ni2+-NTA 树脂通过亲和层析的方法获得BoARC1 融合蛋白。在泛素激活酶（E1）、泛素结合酶UBC7（E2）和泛素 体外泛素化反应后,通过免疫印迹的方法检测,显示出BoARC1 融合蛋白能够将底物进行多泛素化修饰; 当U-box 中保守位点第323 位Pro 突变为Ala 或其他泛素化组分缺少时,底物不能被泛素化修饰。     

Fertigation of humic substances improves yield and quality of broccoli and nutrient retention in a sandy soil

There is lack of information available concerning the effect of humic substances (HS) applied via fertigation on plant growth in sandy soils. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at El‐Saff district (20 km southwest of Cairo), Egypt, to investigate the role of HS fertigation on water retention of a sandy soil, yield and quality of broccoli (Broccoli oleracea L.) as well as on soil nutrient concentration retained after harvest. The experiment consisted of six fertigation treatments (50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended NPK‐fertilizer rate for broccoli combined with and without HS application at 120 L ha^–1) in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Humic substances affected spatial water distribution and improved water retention in the root zone. Furthermore, application of HS increased total marketable yield and head diameter of broccoli as well as quality parameters (i.e., total soluble solids, protein, and vitamin C). Higher nutrient concentrations were found in the broccoli heads and concentrations of plant‐available nutrients in soil after harvesting were also higher, indicating an improvement in soil fertility. In conclusion, HS fertigation can be judged as an interesting option to improve soil water and nutrient status leading to better plant growth.     

有毛野生甘蓝(Brassica incana)抗蚜虫特性研究

甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.)是重要的十字花科芸薹属蔬菜,但生产中常遭受蚜虫危害,鉴定抗虫资源并了解其抗虫机制是抗虫育种的重要基础。课题组前期征集到1份周身覆盖浓密表皮毛的野生甘蓝(B.incana),为调查该材料是否具有蚜虫抗性,并明确其抗性是否与表皮毛有关,本研究利用该有毛野生甘蓝与1份无毛芥蓝(B.alboglabra)杂交,对双亲及其F2:3家系中有毛和无毛家系进行室内蚜虫接种发现,蚜虫在无表皮毛甘蓝上的平均产卵数(36.7枚)和存活天数(22.2 d)均显著高于有表皮毛甘蓝(平均产卵8.1枚,平均存活13.1 d)。为进一步明确该野生甘蓝对蚜虫是否具有化学毒杀或排拒作用,采用有毛和无毛甘蓝叶片的浸提液对蚜虫进行胃杀、触杀和拒食性调查发现,2种浸提液对蚜虫均无胃杀和触杀作用,但有毛甘蓝浸提液对蚜虫存在一定的趋避作用。表明野生甘蓝B.incana对蚜虫的抗性一方面源于其表皮毛的物理阻碍,另一方面与其体内化学物质的趋避作用有关。     

Nutritive characterization of purslane accessions as influenced by planting date

The uniqueness of purslane (Portulaca spp.) asthe richest vegetable source of omega-3 (-3)fatty acids is well documented. However, purslane hasnot been domesticated or fully evaluated for itsnutritive value. The objective of this study was todetermine the influence of planting date on chemicalcomposition of purslane accessions. Eight accessionsfrom different geographical locations were planted 12days apart, and whole plants harvested at full bloom. Chemical analysis (DM basis) of leaves showedsignificant differences among varieties for all thecharacteristics measured. Accession by planting dateinteraction influenced (p < 0.05) levels of crudeprotein, total lipids, and carbohydrate contents. Wild Greek accession had the highest, while aBeltsville (Maryland) wild type had the lowest crudeprotein content (27.1 vs 20.5%) at the secondplanting date. Crude protein, lipid and ash levelswere most influenced (p < 0.05) by planting date. Total lipids varied from 4.0–5.8% and 3.7–5.1% forthe first and second planting dates, respectively. Selected fatty acid content indicated significantly(p < 0.05) higher levels of 18: 26, and18: 33 in the Dutch Garden accession comparedwith other varieties. The Egyptian wild accession hadthe lowest level of 18: 33. The ratio of 3 to 6 acids, which ranged from 5.5 to22.3 indicated a highnutritive value of purslane compared to other oilcrops such as soybeans and perrilla. The high levelsof protein in purslane compete with those of othercommercially important vegetable crops. The studyshows that, in spite of its genetic diversity, purslaneremains one of the most abundant terrestrial vegetablesources of Omega-3 fatty acids and other essentialnutrients potentially beneficial for humans as well asanimals.     

马齿苋种子萌发特性的研究

[目的]从生物学角度研究马齿苋种子的萌发特性。[方法]在室温条件下,测定3种光照(全光照、自然光照、全黑暗)、6种pH值(4.0、5.0、6.0、7.08、.0和9.0)、3种土壤类型(农田土、菜园土和河沙土)和3种浸种方式(蒸馏水0、.3%KNO3和0.3%KMnO4溶液)对马齿苋种子萌发的影响。[结果]马齿苋种子在自然光照和全光照条件下均有较高的萌发率,分别达95.33%和94.00%,而全黑暗条件下的萌发率则显著降低,仅有18.67%;该种子对pH值具有广泛的适应性,在pH值为4.0~8.0范围内均可萌发;该种子具有广泛的土壤适应性,河沙土最为适宜;经过0.3%KMnO4和0.3%KNO3处理12 h的种子发芽率(70%以上)要高于蒸馏水处理的(约60%)。[结论]0.3%KNO3和KMnO4浸种12 h能显著提高马齿苋种子的发芽率。     

白菜型油菜和羽衣甘蓝种间杂交的初步研究Ⅰ.取材时间对子房离体培养结籽率的影响

黄籽白菜型油菜和黄籽甘蓝人工合成甘蓝型油菜是解决现有甘蓝型油菜黄籽不稳定的有效途径之一。研究以黄籽白菜型油菜和黄籽羽衣甘蓝进行种同杂交，通过子房离体培养克服种间杂交的不亲和型，并对授粉后取材时间和子房培养效率进行分析，研究结果表明：不同基因型的羽衣甘蓝和白菜杂交结籽率有一定差异；授粉后10-17d取材进行子房培养都是有效的，其中15d左右效果较好。     

RATIO OF CALCIUM TO MAGNESIUM INFLUENCES BIOMASS,ELEMENTAL ACCUMULATIONS,AND PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN KALE

Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs.     

Ideal transition pattern of nitrate concentration for improving quality of spinach Spinacea oleracea L. and effect of drip fertigation on the sugar and oxalate concentration

(pp. 25–32)

The effectiveness of drip fertigation, which is known to control fertilizer application, for reducing nitrate in spinach and for improving the other qualities of spinach was investigated. Fertilizer application can be controlled effectively by drip fertigation. In 2002 and 2003, two spinach cultivars were grown in a plastic greenhouse with 4, 8 or 12 g N m^?2 of fertilizer application by drip fertigation, and with 8, 12 or 16 g N m^?2 of fertilizer application as a basal application. Nitrate concentration of petiole sap extracted by a garlic squeezer was significantly correlated with the water-extractable nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentrations of petiole sap extracted from plants treated with 12, 8 and 4 g N m^?2 of fertilizer by drip fertigation were constant, gradually decreased and significantly decreased, respectively, during the last 2 weeks. When nitrate concentration decreased during the last week, nitrate concentration in spinach at harvest was less than 3,000 mg kg^?1 FW. Thus it was thought that the pattern of the time course of nitrate in petiole xylem sap is a good indicator for getting spinach with low nitrate. The sugar concentration was negatively correlated with applied nitrogen quantity and the nitrate concentration. The total oxalic acid concentration in spinach treated by drip fertigation was significantly lower than that in spinach treated by basal application, independent of the amount of applied nitrogen. Thus drip fertigation is advantageous for improving crop quality.     

IS IT POSSIBLE TO REDUCE NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN PROCESSING SPINACH?

A two-year field experiment was carried out in a typical Mediterranean environment (Foggia, Southern Italy) to evaluate the effect of the reduction of nitrogen (N) fertilization on yield, quality, N uptake, N utilization efficiency, and on environmental impact of processing spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). In a completely randomized experimental design with four replications, 50, 75, and 100% (150, 225, and 300 kg N ha^?1, respectively) of the normal rate applied by the farmers in the trial area were compared. In both years, the total amount of the urea fertilizer applied was broadcasted three times. The results obtained indicate that a lower N fertilization level ensured a satisfactory yield, increased quality and N utilization efficiency. However, crop performances and the amount of N available for leaching were dependent by the weather conditions occurred during plants growth, being significant the year × N fertilization rate interaction.