猪繁殖与呼吸综合征基因标记疫苗株NP49-ELISA鉴别诊断方法的建立

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）rHN4-△25＋NP49株是新型基因标记弱毒疫苗候选株,为了配合对该基因标记疫苗免疫猪血清抗体的鉴别诊断,本研究以标记基因编码的NP49（新城疫病毒NP蛋白C末端49个氨基酸,即NP49）多肽作为包被抗原,建立标记疫苗免疫猪血清中NP49抗体的ELISA鉴别诊断方法。通过对NP49-ELISA工作条件的优化,结果显示NP49-ELISA的多肽抗原最适包被浓度为500ng／孔,被检血清最佳稀释度为1：40。利用ROC曲线法确定S／P临界值为0．2,该方法批内与批间重复试验的变异系数均小于10％,与几种常见猪病阳性血清无交叉反应,具有较好重复性和特异性。本研究建立的NP49．ELISA鉴别诊断方法为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征新型基因标记疫苗的临床应用提供了有力保障。     

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate porcine embryo development during pre-implantation period: A mini-review

Significant porcine embryonic loss occurs during conceptus morphological elongation and attachment from d 10 to 20 of pregnancy, which directly decreases the reproductive efficiency of sows. A successful establishment of pregnancy mainly depends on the endometrium receptivity, embryo quality, and utero-placental microenvironment, which requires complex cross-talk between the conceptus and uterus. The understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating the uterine-conceptus communication during porcine conceptus elongation and attachment has developed in the past decades. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are intracellular reactive metabolites that regulate cell fate decisions and alter their biological functions, have recently reportedly been involved in porcine conceptus elongation and attachment. This mini-review will mainly focus on the recent researches about the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in regulating porcine embryo development during the pre-implantation period.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP4蛋白B细胞表位的初步筛选

GP4蛋白是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的次要结构蛋白,在病毒的复制与侵染中起重要作用。通过合成GP4蛋白的重叠多肽,采用间接ELISA、dot-ELISA的方法对GP4蛋白的B细胞表位进行初步筛选,得到1个免疫显性肽段Ⅰ(50) SCLRHGDSSSPTIRKSS (67),并对其抗体水平进行测定,为PRRSV的抗体检测及其新型表位疫苗的研究奠定基础。     

Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are pathogens, which can significantly affect the swine industry worldwide. Field surveys suggest that simultaneous PRRSV and PCV2 infection is common in pigs. The objective of this study was to measure the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with PRRSV and PCV2, in order to analyze the synergistic influence of co-infection on the immune system. Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations were systematically measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of antibodies to PRRSV and PCV2 were detected by indirect Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA), respectively. Serum viral loads were measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that piglets co-infected with PRRSV and PCV2 exhibited slower generation and lower levels of antibodies to PRRSV and PCV2, and increased amounts and a prolonged presence of both PRRSV and PCV2 in serum, in comparison to the piglets infected with either virus alone. The major finding in our study was that the total and differential leukocyte counts, including white blood cells (WBCs), monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells, as well as T-cell subpopulations), dramatically decreased early during co-infection with PRRSV and PCV2 for about two weeks, in contrast with animals singly infected with either PRRSV or PCV2. These results suggest that PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection results in a synergistic decrease in immune cells in the peripheral blood of piglets. These data contribute to the understanding of the immunosuppressive effects resulting from PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection in pigs.     

Pharmacological analyses of two naturally occurring porcine melanocortin-4 receptor mutations in domestic pigs

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is critical in regulating mammalian food intake and energy expenditure. Numerous mutations in the MC4R gene have been identified from obese humans. So far two naturally occurring porcine MC4R (pMC4R) mutations, D298N and R236H, have been identified from various strains of pigs and D298N is being utilized as a genetic marker to screen performance traits of pigs. In this study, we performed functional analyses of pMC4R D298N and R236H, including their ligand binding and signaling properties in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Ligand binding assays showed that both D298N and R236H pMC4Rs had similar binding capacities and affinities for the natural agonist -MSH and the natural antagonist Agouti-related protein as wild-type pMC4R. In signaling assays, both mutants had normal EC₅₀ and maximal signaling to -MSH. In summary, pMC4R mutants D298N and R236H do not have any overt functional defects; therefore we suggest caution using these mutations as selection markers in breeding programs.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征诊断技术研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）是猪群中的一种免疫抑制性传染病,是严重危害我国养猪业的主要疫病之一,应用各种诊断技术对该病做出准确的诊断是预防和控制该病的前提。PRRS诊断技术包括检测病毒、检测血清抗体技术及分型诊断,涉及的技术和方法包括病毒分离、免疫组化、RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光试验、免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和基因芯片技术等。每种诊断技术都有其各自的优势和局限性,应根据研究目的及工作条件等综合情况予以选择,文章就各种诊断技术的原理、方法及特点进行了概述和比较,并对今后的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望。     

PRRSV国内流行毒株的分离鉴定及结构基因的分析

从国内发病猪场采集的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）病料中,分离到8株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）。病毒分离培养表明,JS1-JS5第1代即可适应Marc-145细胞。GD1-GD3经Marc-145细胞3次-4次传代后出现明显的细胞病变。间接免疫荧光试验表明,8个分离毒株与抗PRRSV抗体均可出现特异性的胞浆荧光。它们对氯仿、甲醛、酸和碱均敏感。5-溴-2′-脱氧尿核苷对其无抑制作用。参照GenBank中已发表的PRRSV的序列设计了两对特异性引物,分别对所分离毒株进行部分nsp2基因和结构基因的扩增。发现JS1-JS5nsp2基因发生了部分缺失。选择JS1、JS5、GD3进行nsp2基因和结构基因的扩增和测序。序列分析结果表明,JS1、JS5和2006年以后国内分离到的高致病性PRRSV高度同源。GD3的Nsp2基因虽然没有发生第534位-第562位氨基酸的缺失,但与2006年以后分离的毒株一样,发生了第482位氨基酸的缺失。通过对3个分离毒株与其他国内分离毒株的结构基因序列进行系统进化分析发现,我国的PRRSV流行毒株可大致划分为两个亚型,JS1、JS5、GD3、CH-1a、JXA1、HUN4、SHH等属于一个亚型,BJ-4、CC-1属于另一个亚型。亚型间核苷酸序列同源性为91.2%-91.8%。     

Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in swine lymphocytes using mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs

Information regarding the susceptibility of swine lymphocytes to PCV2 is rather limited. To further explore and characterize the PCV2 infection in swine lymphocytes, an in vitro model using concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from clinically healthy PCV2-carrier pigs was introduced. It was found that the PCV2 antigen-containing rate was below 2% in PBLs from healthy PCV2-free pigs following treated simultaneously with Con A and PCV2. However, significantly higher PCV2 antigen- and nucleic acid-containing rates could be seen in Con A-stimulated PBLs from clinically healthy PCV2-carrier pigs. Prior to Con A treatment, both of the PCV2 antigen- and nucleic acid-containing rates in PBLs from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs were less than 1%; however, they reached 22.1+/-5.7% by flow cytometry and 27.1+/-6.5% by in situ hybridization, respectively, at 4-day post-incubation with Con A. Phenotyping of PCV2 antigen-containing cells revealed that PCV2-positive cells could be detected in both T and B lymphocyte populations within which IgM-positive B lymphocytes appeared to have a relatively higher positive rate. The Con A-stimulated PBLs also displayed a significantly higher viral load by the measurement of either PCV2 DNA copy number or viral titer when compared with the non-treated PBLs from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs. The results indicate that PBLs, especially IgM-bearing B lymphocytes, are indeed susceptible to PCV2 infection and PCV2 is capable of replicating in dividing lymphocytes. This activation-induced replication may explain in part the pathogenesis of lymphoid depletion in PMWS-affected pigs.     

基于Cap蛋白研制的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)是危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一,主要由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起。该病毒可引起感染猪免疫系统的破坏,造成严重的免疫抑制,继而引发多种病毒/细菌的混合感染与继发感染,给世界养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。近年来疫苗免疫接种是防控PCVAD的有效手段,由于衣壳蛋白(capside,Cap)是PCV-2的主要免疫保护性抗原,因此常被用作研制PCV-2基因工程疫苗的理想靶抗原。论文就PCV-2Cap蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后PCV-2新型疫苗的研究提供参考。