不同薄皮甜瓜品种比较试验

为筛选高品质、高产量、抗病性强的甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）品种,引进22个薄皮甜瓜品种,通过调查不同品种的田间性状、发病率、各个生育期,测定果实的横径、纵径、硬度、单果质量、含糖量,比较分析不同甜瓜品种间差异。试验结果表明,各品种在果实外观、单果质量、果形指数、糖含量方面均存在一定差异。其中,绿皮类型综合表现良好的品种是L14和L21,口感较好,抗病性较强;白皮类型综合表现良好的品种是L11,口感较好,产量较高;花皮类型综合表现良好的品种是L19,口感较好,抗病性较强,产量较高;筛选的优良品种有待在北京地区进一步试种。     

弥勒蔗区甘蔗宿根矮化病发生分布及病原检测

为明确云南弥勒蔗区甘蔗宿根矮化病（RSD）的分布、发生危害情况,对云南弥勒蔗区RSD的发生和分布进行了调查和田间采样,采用PCR法对田间采集的60个样本进行RSD检测.结果表明：52个样本为阳性,阳性检出率86.67％,确认弥勒蔗区存在RSD;通过系统分析,明确了不同品种、不同植期、不同蔗地RSD发生状况,为弥勒蔗区推广应用温水脱毒健康种苗、有效防控甘蔗宿根矮化病提供了科学依据.     

甜菜霜霉病的防效试验

对3种高效低毒的杀菌剂（72％锰锌·霜脲、50％烯酰·吗啉和69％锰锌·烯酰可湿性粉剂）与常规药剂50％多菌灵及清水处理应用于甜菜霜霉病进行防效试验,3种高效低毒的杀菌剂防治效果达90％以上,可延长甜菜功能叶片生命力,增产15.1％～31.5％,效果明显.     

Pet Virginia Opossums and Skunks

The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) are often kept as pets, although they are both wild animals. The opossum and striped skunk are usually docile and sociable when raised from infancy. Many states and municipalities restrict ownership, and veterinarians should familiarize themselves with local laws and regulations pertaining to these animals. The biology, husbandry, diet, and general disease information is available for both species. Vaccination recommendations are included for skunks.     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。     

1株广东鸡源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定和毒力基因分析

从广东粤东地区某商品蛋鸡场的发病鸡群中分离到1株病毒（YS株）,经血凝和血凝抑制试验确定为新城疫病毒（NDV）.对该分离株的F蛋白氨基酸序列的分析结果表明,其F0裂解位点的氨基酸序列为1nR-R-Q-K-R-F117,且含有101K和121V,符合典型NDV强毒株的分子特点.遗传分析结果显示分离株属于基因Ⅶd亚型.F和HN基因的氨基酸相似性分析表明,分离株与基因Ⅶ型NDV Chicken/China/Shandong/02/2010株的相似性最高,均达到99％,而与常用疫苗株B1、V4、Clone30、Mukteswar和La Sota的相似性则较低,分别在86.8％～ 90.4％和87.2％～88.3％之间,说明分离株与经典的NDV毒株存在一定的差异.     

First Report of Human Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Attributed to TcBat Genotype

Chagas disease is an endemic disease of the American continent caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and divided into six discrete typing units (TcI – TcVI). Nearly 10 million people harbour the infection representing a serious issue in public health. Epidemiological surveillance allowed us to detect a bat‐related T. cruzi genotype (henceforth named TcBat) in a 5‐year‐old female living in a forest area in northwestern Colombia. Molecular tools determined a mixed infection of T. cruzi I and TcBat genotypes. This represents the first report of TcBat infection in humans; the epidemiological consequences of this finding are discussed herein.     

Leptospira interrogans at the Human–Wildlife Interface in Northern Botswana: A Newly Identified Public Health Threat

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In northern Botswana, humans live in close proximity to a diversity of wildlife and peridomestic rodents and may be exposed to a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Little is known regarding the occurrence and epidemiology of L. interrogans in Africa despite the recognized global importance of this zoonotic disease and the threat it poses to public health. In Botswana, banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) live in close proximity to humans across protected and unprotected landscapes and may be a useful sentinel species for assessing the occurrence of zoonotic organisms, such as L. interrogans. We utilized PCR to screen banded mongoose kidneys for leptospiral DNA and identified 41.5% prevalence of renal carriage of L. interrogans (exact binomial 95% CI 27.7–56.7%, n = 41). Renal carriage was also detected in one Selous' mongoose (Paracynictis selousi). This is the first published confirmation of carriage of L. interrogans in either species. This is also the first report of L. interrogans occurrence in northern Botswana and the only report of this organism in a wildlife host in the country. Pathogenic Leptospira are usually transmitted indirectly to humans through soil or water contaminated with infected urine. Other avenues, such as direct contact between humans and wildlife, as well as consumption of mongooses and other wildlife as bushmeat, may pose additional exposure risk and must be considered in public health management of this newly identified zoonotic disease threat. There is a critical need to characterize host species involvement and pathogen transmission dynamics, including human–wildlife interactions that may increase human exposure potential and infection risk. We recommend that public health strategy be modified to include sensitization of medical practitioners to the presence of L. interrogans in the region, the potential for human infection, and implementation of clinical screening. This study illustrates the need for increased focus on neglected zoonotic diseases as they present an important threat to public health.