Cytogenetical studies in wheat. XVIII. Gene Yr24 for resistance to stripe rust

A new gene, Yr24, for resistance to stripe rust was transferred from a durum accession to common wheat via an amphiploid (synthetic wheat) with Aegilops tauschii. Yr24 was located in chromosome 1B by monosomic analysis. Its genetic linkage of 4 cM with Yr15 indicated its localization to the short arm.     

Powdery mildew resistance in barley landrace material. I. Screening for resistance

A total of 4,681 accessions of Hordeum vulgare landrace material from Ethiopia, East Mediterranean, Near East, Nepal and China were sown in the field and subjected to the natural powdery mildew epidemic in Denmark. Apparently resistant accessions were selected. Selfed progeny from them were retested and reselected in subsequent years at four locations in Denmark. Finally, 16 promising donors of resistance were retained. They were characterized in the field and tested in the seedling stage for reaction to up to 72 different isolates of the powdery mildew fungus. The absence of the corresponding virulences in the Danish airborne powdery mildew population was ascertained in five years. The resistances in the 16 donors are apparently mutually different and from known sources of powdery mildew resistance in barley. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响

种植密度是影响青稞抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的重要因子。以抗倒伏品种昆仑14号和倒伏品种门源亮蓝为试验材料,比较研究种植密度对这2个品种生长发育、抗倒伏特性和秸秆饲用特性的影响。结果表明,种植密度对2个品种的抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的影响存在差异。随着种植密度的增加,昆仑14号根长、根体积、根数和根干重先增后降,茎粗和壁厚依次下降;门源亮蓝根系和茎秆相关指标则随种植密度增大而下降。昆仑14号抗倒伏相关指标先增后降,但整个生育期未发生倒伏;门源亮蓝各指标均显著降低,诱发倒伏现象提前发生,致使倒伏率增大、倒伏程度加剧。昆仑14号茎秆中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素等化学成分含量随密度增加先增后降,门源亮蓝各成分含量呈下降趋势,相对饲喂价值随密度增加呈现增高的趋势。综合抗倒伏特性与秸秆饲用特性,昆仑14号最佳种植密度为375×104株hm^-2,门源亮蓝粮饲兼用时适宜密度为300×104～375×104株hm^-2。     

香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种致病力分化的初步研究

自2003年6月至2010年1月,我们通过采集或交流的方式共得到海南、广东、福建、云南和广西等省区的35个市县的56个Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Race 4菌株,并通过盆栽伤根淋灌法接种巴西蕉苗,系统性地评价了56个Race 4菌株的致病力。实验结果表明：供试的56个Race 4菌株表现出了很明显的致病力分化,其中,强致病力的菌株有29个、中致病力的有9个、弱致病力的有18个,分别占供试菌株的51.79%、16.07%、32.14%。     

香蕉枯萎病病原菌海藻糖合成酶基因tps1

为了解tps1基因在尖镰刀菌古巴专化型生理小种1号和生理小种4号之间及与其他镰刀菌之间的差异,分析推测tps1基因与两生理小种之间的寄主选择性差异的关系,通过比对现有镰刀菌属的海藻糖合成酶基因序列,参照尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型的tps1基因序列设计并合成引物,采用PCR和RT-PCR方法扩增了两个生理小种的tps1基因并测序进行比较分析,同时对香蕉与粉蕉苗诱导两个生理小种后的tps1基因表达量变化进行分析。结果表明,两个生理小种tps1基因全长均为1660 bp,开放阅读框均为1605 bp,编码535个氨基酸,基因序列间仅存在两个碱基位点的差异,编码蛋白间无差异;两生理小种的tps1基因序列与镰刀菌属其他种间存在较大的差异,经寄主诱导后的两个生理小种的tps1基因表达量呈现不同的变化。从tps1基因序列及其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列在两生理小种之间的差异性分析结果推测,两个生理小种寄主选择性差异与tps1基因并无明显对应关系,这为进一步研究tps1基因与病菌在无寄主下的长期生存的关系奠定了基础。     

洞庭湖区3种野生食用真菌生境调查与鉴定

为了解和开发洞庭湖区野生真菌资源,对采自大通湖区芦苇湿地的3种野生可食用真菌进行生境调查与鉴定。调查发现,3种真菌形态各异,对生长条件与季节具有不同的适应性和温型偏好,其中HEFIW LuI子实体较小,菌盖黄褐色,多丛生,适温较广,生长周期长;HEFIW LuII子实体中等大,菌盖乳白至淡黄色,适温偏低,多发生于早春时期;HEFIW LuIII子实体中等至较大,菌盖淡黄至浅褐色,适温偏高,多发生于春末夏初时期。通过形态观察和ITS测序,鉴定3种真菌分别为硫黄鳞伞(Pholiota conissans)、田头菇(Agrocybe praecox)和浅黄皱环球盖菇(Stropharia rugosoannulata f. lutea)。     

油柿叶片离体再生体系的建立

以油柿叶片为材料开展了离体培养研究,旨在建立其再生体系,为转基因操作奠定基础。结果表明,油柿叶盘在MS（1/2N）+IBA0.1mg/L+ ZT3.0mg/L培养基上,经前期暗处理3周后移至正常光照下培养的再生效果最好,其不定芽再生率和外植体平均不定芽数最高,分别为80.5%和（4.1±0.8）个。再生苗接种于添加IAA和IBA各0.5mg/L的MS(1/2N)培养基上,4周时生根率可达92%,成功地建立了油柿叶片的离体再生体系。     

Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is cultivated on 49.1 million hectares worldwide with 50.2% of the area located in Europe. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), occurs wherever barley is grown. Cultivar resistance plays an important role in global barley production, especially in parts of Europe where high concentrations of both spring and winter types are grown. The aim of this report was to postulate specific resistance genes in barleys from nine European countries registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015. Thirty‐five spring cultivars and 27 winter barleys were tested with 56 diverse Bgh isolates. Twenty‐five known resistance genes were postulated, and unknown genes were detected in Sandra, Saturn and Zeppelin. Unidentified specific resistance genes were also present in winter hybrids Hobbit and Wootan. Spring cultivars Arthur and Francin consisted of three and two genotypes, respectively. Resistance gene mlo was present in 26 spring cultivars, and the proportion of cultivars with this gene increased from 62.9% in 2006–2010 to 75.7% in 2011–2015. The gene Mlp1 was identified for the first time in German winter cultivar Saturn. Five spring cultivars registered in Slovakia were included in the tests. All the cultivars that were tested contained one or more specific resistance genes to powdery mildew. Adaptability of the pathogen and possibilities for breeding winter barleys are discussed.     

Na2CO3胁迫对非洲凤仙种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用室内水培试验,以不同浓度(10,20,30,40,50,60,70 mmol/L)的Na2CO3对非洲凤仙种子和幼苗进行胁迫处理,测定其种子发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势和叶绿素含量等指标.结果表明:各项指标与Na2CO3胁迫浓度呈明显负相关.当Na2CO3浓度达到50 mmol/L时,发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势显著下降,说明高浓度Na2CO3溶液对种子的萌发具有强烈的抑制作用.Na2CO3胁迫使叶绿素含量显著降低,严重影响幼苗的光合能力,抑制幼苗的正常生长.     

紫外线杀灭营养液中黄瓜枯萎病病菌试验

设计、试制了一种可以用于无土栽培循环营养液消毒的紫外线消毒系统,并对其杀灭黄瓜枯萎病病原菌的性能和效果进行了实验室研究。先将黄瓜枯萎病病原(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)菌株接种于PDA培养基上,培养后将其加入到营养液中进行紫外线照射。通过对紫外线照射前后的病原浓度进行计数,发现紫外线对黄瓜枯萎病病原有较好的杀灭效果。在营养液紫外线透射率(T10)为96.65%、病原浓度为6.87×102conidia/ml、最大流量为36 L/min时,灭菌率为100%;在营养液紫外线透射率(T10)为95.42%、病原浓度为1.14×105conidia/ml、最大流量为36L/min时,灭菌率为100%;在T10降低为11.58%、病原浓度为1.44×104conidia/ml、最大流速为35L/min时,灭菌率也在50%以上。