石榴等观赏植物DFR基因生物信息学分析

根据GenBank中已登录的红花石榴、粉花石榴、姜荷花、芍药、水母雪莲、大丽花、瓜叶菊和兰花等植物二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(DFR)基因的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,应用生物信息学软件对其核苷酸序列的外显子、氨基酸序列的理化性质、疏水性/亲水性和跨膜结构等进行了预测。结果表明,这几种植物DFR基因均存在1个外显子,含量最丰富的氨基酸是Ala、Gly、Cys和Thr;除红花石榴和粉花石榴DFR属于不稳定蛋白外,其余植物均属于稳定蛋白。这几种植物DFR蛋白均为亲水性蛋白,存在明显的疏水区和亲水区以及跨膜结构等。     

“泰山红”石榴高频再生体系构建

以"泰山红"石榴带芽茎段为外植体,进行了组织培养研究,并建立了高频再生体系,为今后的遗传转化和育种研究奠定基础。研究结果显示,最佳初代培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L BA+0.3 mg/L IBA+2 g/LPVP,成芽率达85.7%,成芽个数为4.3。最佳增殖培养基为B5+0.6 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L IBA+0.3 mg/LAgNO3+0.2 mg/L GA3+100 ml/L椰汁+2 g/L PVP,增殖系数达5.8。最佳生根培养基为B5+1.0 mg/L IBA+100 ml/L椰汁,生根率达94.0%,移栽成活率达89.0%。     

大蒜根系分泌物对石榴枯萎病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的作用

[目的]研究大蒜套种石榴控制石榴枯萎病的可能性。[方法]在实验室条件下,采用不同浓度的0.2倍MS培养液和蒸馏水培养的大蒜根系分泌物,测定其对枯萎病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生长的影响。[结果]MS培养液和蒸馏水培养的大蒜根系分泌物均不能有效抑制枯萎病菌菌丝的生长。而同样2种方式培养的大蒜根系分泌物却对枯草芽孢杆菌的增殖具有较强的促进作用,且蒸馏水培养大蒜根系分泌物效果要优于MS培养液培养的根系分泌物。[结论]石榴园套种大蒜结合枯草芽孢杆菌的施用有望作为控制石榴枯萎病蔓延的一种方式。     

石榴果酒生产的HACCP质量模型

对石榴果酒各个生产工序进行全面的危害分析,确定了12个关键控制点,制订了HACCP计划表,为保证石榴果酒的质量安全提供了依据。     

新疆石榴籽中脂肪和蛋白质的组分研究

[目的]为新疆石榴资源的综合开发提供理论依据。[方法]以正己烷为溶剂提取新疆石榴籽中的油脂,并采用气相色谱-质谱法测定油脂的脂肪酸含量及组成,采用微量定氮法和分级提取法测定油脂的蛋白质含量及氨基酸组成。[结果]石榴籽中油脂含量较高（18.2%）,其中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的70%以上。石榴籽中粗蛋白的平均含量为14.27%,其中谷蛋白和残渣蛋白占蛋白质总量的80%以上,而球蛋白、清蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量较低;石榴籽蛋白质中谷氨酸（23.4%）、精氨酸（13.6%）、天冬氨酸（7.91%）、甘氨酸（5.83%）和亮氨酸（5.87%）含量较高,其次为丝氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸,而胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和色氨酸含量较低。[结论]新疆石榴籽中油脂含量较高,而必需氨基酸含量较低。     

影响石榴酒发酵过程中甲醇和杂醇油生成量的几个工艺因素

［目的］研究石榴酒发酵过程中的一些工艺对甲醇和杂醇油生成的影响。［方法］以甜石榴和酸石榴为原料,压榨成石榴汁,经过主发酵、后发酵、澄清等工序,发酵石榴酒。［结果］在相同条件下,甜石榴汁比酸石榴汁发酵彻底,相应地甜石榴酒中的甲醇和杂醇油含量也较酸石榴酒高;主发酵温度越高,石榴酒中甲醇和杂醇油含量越高;带籽发酵比不带籽发酵生成的甲醇和杂醇油少;随着石榴汁中果皮含量的增加,发酵的石榴酒中甲醇和杂醇油的生成量越少。［结论］可以通过控制原料、发酵温度、石榴籽和石榴皮等工艺因素,减少甲醇和杂醇油的生成,提高石榴酒的品质。     

淮北石榴区域品牌营销策略

在对淮北石榴产业发展和品牌营销现状调研的基础上,分析了淮北石榴区域品牌营销存在的问题,结合实际提出了淮北石榴区域品牌营销策略,如多元主体共建品牌策略、统一品牌和子品牌策略、地理标志保护策略、品牌视觉形象策略、渠道策略、体验营销和事件营销策略、相关产品生产强化品牌策略,为淮北石榴产业又好又快发展提供参考。     

Investigation of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of twenty Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars

Pomegranate is one of the native fruits of Iran which contains high genetic resources, but there are insufficient information regarding properties of the fruit. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physcio-chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of twenty pomegranate cultivars grown in Iran. This study showed that there were significant differences among the cultivars in all measured factors except the length/diameter ratio of fruit. The fruit weight, skin percentage, aril percentage and juice percentage were within the range of 196.89–315.28 g, 32.28–59.82%, 37.59–65% and 26.95–46.55%, respectively. The total soluble solids content varied from 11.37 (°Brix) to 15.07 (°Brix), pH values from 3.16 to 4.09, titratable acidity content from 0.33 g 100 g⁻¹ to 2.44 g 100 g⁻¹ and total sugars content from 13.23 g 100 g⁻¹ to 21.72 g 100 g⁻¹. The results also showed that the values of ascorbic acid ranged from 9.91 mg 100 g⁻¹ to 20.92 mg 100 g⁻¹. The total anthocyanins content was observed in pomegranate cultivars between 5.56  mg 100 g⁻¹ and 30.11 mg 100 g⁻¹. The level of total phenolics was varied from 295.79 mg 100 g⁻¹ to 985.37 mg 100 g⁻¹. The antioxidant activity of pomegranate cultivars was found between 15.59 and 40.72%. These data demonstrated that the cultivar was the main parameter which influences the physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity in pomegranates.     

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Iran using AFLP markers

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the oldest known edible fruits. It is native to Iran and spread from Iran to other areas. In this study amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to detect intra- and inter-population genetic diversity of pomegranate. A group of 67 accessions belonged to 4 populations from Iran was studied using eight primer combinations. A total of 221 scorable bands were amplified, of which, 118 (54.13%) were polymorphic. Resolving power (Rp) ranged from 5.70 to 9.21, and the average of polymorphism information content (PIC) per primer pair was 0.40. According to Nei's gene diversity and allelic statistics, Isfahan population had a highest genetic diversity (H = 0.3646, I = 0.5327, N_e = 1.6467). Coefficient of gene differentiation between populations (GST) was 0.124, indicated that mainly proportion of genetic variation (87.6%), was within populations and the remaining (12.4%) of the variation was among populations that, also supported by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The gene flow (Nm) varied from 0.969 to 10.404 between pair-wise populations and was 3.504 among all of the populations. The Jaccard similarity coefficient between individuals ranged from 0.26 to 0.88. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered all 67 accessions into 6 groups. In some cases accessions from same region were grouped together but in most cases, there was gene exchange. To study the genetic relationships among populations, a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Nei's genetic distances was performed. Results of this study showed that AFLP marker can be a useful tool for investigating the genetic diversity of pomegranate genotypes.     

Biochemical diversity in wild and cultivated pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Pakistan

The present study was conducted to screen out elite pomegranates through determination of biochemical diversity in wild and cultivated genotypes for a breeding program and for fresh/processed use in industry. The results showed high morphological diversity in accessions of wild pomegranate fruits as compared to cultivated genotypes. The first six principal components covered 80.75 and 75.49% diversity in 53 wild and 62 cultivated pomegranate genotypes, respectively. High values of the coefficient of variance (10.78–18.62%), and a high range of minimum to maximum values of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total soluble sugars, and total phenolic content (0.10–1.25, 5.88–29.96, 9.69–19.85 and 175.05–595.42), respectively, were recorded in the studied genotypes. Ascorbic acid content had a strong correlation with antioxidant activity (0.952%), super dismutase oxides (0.94%), catalase (0.921%), and titratable acidity (0.91%). Peroxides had a strong correlation (0.88%) with catalase, and 0.81% each with super dismutase oxides and antioxidant activity. Wild and cultivated pomegranates were clustered successfully in separate groups, based on biochemical traits. A variety improvement program and selection of high-quality pomegranate genotypes could help to reduce pomegranate-related malnutrition issues in the human diet.