软籽石榴新品种‘红玉石籽’

 ‘红玉石籽’是从‘玉石籽’营养系变异中选育出的石榴新品种。果皮全面着色, 平均单果质量、百粒质量、可溶性固形物含量和出汁率分别比对照品种‘玉石籽’提高33.4%、16.8%、2.7%和3.0%。软籽, 核硬度3.31 kg/ cm²。植株抗褐斑病、干腐病, 丰产, 皖中地区9月中下旬果实成熟。     

Identification of a phytoplasma associated with pomegranate little leaf disease in Iran

During 2012–2014 surveys for the presence of phytoplasma diseases in Fars province (Iran), pomegranate little leaf symptoms were observed in several orchards in Khafr and Neyriz areas. Samples collected from symptomatic plants positively reacted in nested PCR assays using P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs producing the expected 1,250 bp DNA fragments. Real and virtual RFLP analysis showed that the sequences of phytoplasma strains from Khafr and Neyriz (KPLL and NPLL strains, respectively) were identical to each other and belong to 16SrII phytoplasma group, subgroup D. Phylogenetic analysis of the R16F2n⁄R16R2 DNA region confirmed that KPLL and NPLL phytoplasmas were enclosed in the same clade as other 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasmas. This is the first reported occurrence of a 16SrII phytoplasma infecting pomegranate trees.     

石榴皮提取物的酶抑制作用研究

[目的]研究石榴皮提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。[方法]以液固比、提取时间、微波功率3个因素,石榴皮多酚为响应值进行Box-Behnken设计,对石榴皮进行提取。以淀粉和PNPG为底物,构建符合人体糖尿病病理的生理特征、更加具有临床意义的高通量体外筛选模型。[结果]结果表明,石榴皮提取物对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增加,60 mg/ml时达39.55%;石榴皮提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,浓度在1~10μg/ml时,其抑制率与浓度呈线性关系;当浓度≥10μg/ml时,其增大趋势趋于平缓。提取物浓度在10μg/ml时,其抑制率达90%。[结论]石榴皮提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶都有不同程度的抑制作用,是潜在的降糖功能因子。     

大蒜根系分泌物对石榴枯萎病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌作用初探（摘要）

[目的]研究大蒜套种石榴控制石榴枯萎病的可能性。[方法]在实验室条件下,采用不同浓度的0.2倍MS培养液和蒸馏水培养的大蒜根系分泌物,测定其对枯萎病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生长的影响。[结果]MS培养液和蒸馏水培养的大蒜根系分泌物均不能有效抑制枯萎病菌菌丝的生长。而同样2种方式培养的大蒜根系分泌物却对枯草芽孢杆菌的增殖具有较强的促进作用,且蒸馏水培养大蒜根系分泌物效果要优于MS培养液培养的根系分泌物。[结论]石榴园套种大蒜结合枯草芽孢杆菌施用有望作为控制石榴枯萎病蔓延的一种方式。     

石榴果实酚类物质测定体系优化与不同部位组分及含量测定

以"泰山红"石榴为试材,利用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定成熟期石榴果实中果皮、籽粒和果汁中酚类物质的组分及含量。色谱条件:色谱柱为Kromasil色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-1%乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。流速为1.1 ml/min,柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm。结果表明:在石榴皮和石榴籽中检测到13种酚类成分,包括没食子酸、绿原酸、对羟基苯甲酸、表儿茶素、咖啡酸、儿茶素、香草醛、阿魏酸、苯甲酸、根皮苷、槲皮素、肉桂酸、根皮素;在石榴汁中检测到上述12种酚类物质,未检测到表儿茶素。石榴皮中酚类物质的含量最高,其次是石榴汁和石榴籽,其中石榴皮中主要的酸性酚类物质和类黄酮类化合物分别为对羟基苯甲酸(0.828 mg/g)和表儿茶素(0.915 mg/g);石榴汁中分别是对羟基苯甲酸(0.121 mg/g)和儿茶素(0.149 mg/g);石榴籽中分别是咖啡酸(0.026 mg/g)和根皮苷(0.075 mg/g)。     

Seasonal changes of mineral nutrients and phenolics in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit

Pomegranate fruit is an important source of potentially healthy bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients. Changes in total phenolic compound, concentrations, and levels of macronutrients (P, K, N, Mg, Ca and Na) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and B) in arils and peel of pomegranate fruit were recorded from 10 days after full bloom until harvest. Total phenolics levels increased at early stage of growth both in peel and arils of fruit, but thereafter generally decreased during maturation and reached to 3.70 and 50.22 mg g⁻¹ of dry weight in arils and peel, respectively, at harvest. The amount of total phenolics in peel was markedly higher than arils of pomegranate fruit. The concentration of most elements in arils and peel decreased during fruit growth and development. At harvest the relative order of concentration of macronutrients both in arils and peel was K > N > Ca > P > Mg > Na. The concentration of most micronutrients was greater in the arils than in the peel especially in early season. The relative order of concentration of micronutrients in arils was B > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn. The accumulation of all the macro- and microelement within the fruit also increased during fruit growth and development. These results provide important data on total phenolics and macro- and micronutrient changes during fruit growth and development, emphasizing that pomegranate fruit can be a good source of bioactive compounds and minerals.     

中国石榴的研究进展

石榴属石榴科石榴属植物，为近年来我国发展迅速的小杂果类树种之一。本文结合有关文献对石榴的栽培历史、植物学分类、生物学特性、营养价值、栽培技术及开发利用前景进行了综述，以供相关人员参考。     

石榴DNA提取方法的比较及抗氧化剂对DNA质量的影响*

 比较了SDS-CTAB微量提取法和改进的SDS微量提取法提取的石榴叶片DNA质量，结果认为两种方法提取的DNA均可用于RAPD分析，但SDS微量提取法较适合于石榴叶片DNA的提取。试验中还研究了抗氧化剂PVP,α-巯基乙醇和抗坏血酸3种试剂单独使用及PVP与α-巯基乙醇混合使用对SDS-CTAB微量提取法的影响，发现与对照相比，单独加抗坏血酸及PVP与α-巯基乙醇混合使用能很好地防止DNA在提取过程中的褐化。     

液膜果袋在石榴上的应用效果

石榴生产中存在果实感病较多,果面光洁度、色泽较差及农药残留量高等问题,套纸袋和塑膜袋各有缺点,为了探索新的套袋途径,对液膜果袋和纸制果袋、塑膜袋进行了对比试验。结果表明,喷施液膜果袋后的石榴果实比套纸袋、塑膜袋及对照的感病率低,果实着色指数及果面光洁度较高,单果重增加,果实六六六残留量低于套纸袋和塑膜袋。     

具有拮抗作用的石榴内生菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]筛选对石榴枯萎病菌具有拮抗作用的内生生防菌.[方法]从采自云南蒙自的石榴叶片中分离并获得5株内生拮抗菌,通过测定其对甘薯长喙壳(Ceratocystis fimbriata)的抑菌能力筛选出1株具有高效拮抗作用的生防菌株Y2,对其进行抑菌谱测定及鉴定.[结果]经生理生化和16S rDNA序列测定表明Y2为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).[结论]试验结果为石榴枯萎病的防治提供了理论依据.