松材线虫病研究进展

概述了松材线虫的生物学特性、行为学、致病机理等方面的研究动态，并介绍了松材线虫病环境影响评价的研究进展，提出了目前对松材线虫病的环境影响经济评价尚属空白，在松材线虫病对环境影响方面缺乏深入的研究。对其致病主要机理仍不清楚，需进一步进行研究。     

3个株系松材线虫电镜扫描比较研究

松材线虫病是一种毁灭性的森林病害,不同地区的松材线虫在形态特征方面有一定的差异.采用扫描电子显微镜对来自湖南、广东两地3个株系松材线虫进行了形态观察比较.结果表明:这3个株系的松材线虫成虫的头部、尾部形态特征无明显差异,幼虫和成虫的唇区与体部都出现缢缩;松材线虫口针的开口端呈一斜面;雄性成虫尾部交合伞呈“M”型.这些特征都是在过去的研究中没有描述过的,可为松材线虫的形态研究提供参考依据.     

昆明市西山区苹果的开花生物学特性与果实品质

对昆明市西山区大河果园主要苹果品种的开花生物学与果实品质进行调查研究,结果表明:花芽能顺利完成分化,乔纳金花芽分化要比红富士早,红富士的花芽坏死率为6.3%;各品种花期不一致,持续时间较长,约为20 d;各品种的果个不大,金冠果形指数为0.91~0.94、红富士为0.83~0.84;金冠苹果7月底时其成熟度和糖酸比都较低,应适当推迟采收期,红富士品种的成熟度和糖酸比在9月底达到较好的水平,可根据需要适时采收。     

英德跳生物学特性和防治研究

英德跳是我国森林昆虫竹节虫目的一新虫种。在广东省英德县首次发现危害黎蒴栲林成灾得名。若虫和成虫危害黎蒴栲为主的壳斗科树叶，以成虫危害最烈。该虫在英德县１ａ发生２～３代，世代重叠。以第１、２代成虫产的卵在枯枝落叶层下越冬，翌年２月下旬卵开始孵化，５月中、下旬为越冬代成虫高峰期。在５月上、中旬使用３％６６６烟剂１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２防治，效果达８５％以上，使用绿僵茵１．５×１０１３个／ｈｍ２孢子防治，效果可达７０％以上。     

Effects of forest structure and microhabitat on the distribution and flowering of a rare understory plant, Actaea elata

Knowing which environmental characteristics constrain forest understory species’ distribution and reproduction can inform conservation decisions about habitat management and locations for reintroduction efforts. Differential plant performance is common in varying environmental conditions, such as levels of canopy closure. Actaea elata (tall bugbane) is a rare, perennial, forest understory herb found from Oregon to British Columbia. Populations throughout this species’ range commonly occur in managed forests. We assessed the importance of environmental variation on the distribution and flowering of A. elata at both microhabitat and site-level scales. At four sites encompassing a variety of forest types, we measured several biotic and abiotic variables at vegetative and reproductive plants, as well as at random points. We measured these same variables at three sites where A. elata has been extirpated. Within occupied sites, reproductive plants were more likely to be located in canopy gaps than were vegetative plants. Both vegetative and reproductive plants were more likely to be found in areas of high herb cover compared to random points. These results indicate that gaps in the canopy may be critical for this species’ ability to reproduce, but survival may be possible in a broader range of forest understory conditions (similar to other co-occurring herb species). Random points at extirpated and occupied sites both tended to be located in areas of lower canopy openness and moisture availability than points in occupied sites where A. elata was present. Extirpated sites were either densely forested or clearcut, while occupied sites contained stands of intermediate density. Circaea alpina, Geranium robertianum, and Lactuca muralis were indicator species for A. elata and normally indicate moist soils, with Circaea alpina being a strong indicator of the presence of flowering A. elata. Taken together, our results suggest that maintenance of canopy gaps is important to promote flowering, and understory species that indicate moist sites, particularly Circaea alpina, can be used as aids to locate new populations of A. elata.     

松黄叶蜂寄生性和捕食性天敌研究

发现了松黄叶蜂的５种寄生性天敌,即松黄叶蜂尖胸青峰、松黄叶蜂翠金小蜂和邻凹姬蜂、田猎姬、恩姬峰。其中幼虫－蛹寄生４种;蛹寄生蜂１种,并研究了主要种生物学特性探索了捕食性、寄生性天敌及致病微生物对松黄叶蜂蛹发育的影响。     

柏肤小蠹的生活史及防治

介绍了柏肤小蠹的生物学和生态学特性 ,并针对其发生为害特点 ,提出了监测预报方法和综合治理措施     

林业有害生物可持续控灾的主要对策

冀北山地是河北省重点林区,以位于冀北山地的河北省木兰林管局为例,对该局40 a林业有害生物发生、危害、防治及危害的原因进行了较为详细的总结、分析和论述,并提出了林业有害生物可持续控灾的主要对策。     

紫红短须螨生物学特性初步观察

利用紫红短须螨（Brevipalpus phoenicis)控制薇甘菊，是生物控制杂草的一种新方法，文章着重介绍了紫红短须螨的生物学特性及形态特征。卵椭圆形。卵椭圆形，长约0.10mm，宽约0.07mm。红色，多单产在植物茎叶的裂缝或凹陷处，或叶片背面的主脉两边，成块成串堆聚在一起，幼螨桔红色，长约0.17mm，宽约0.11mm。若螨2龄，背上有黑色斑纹，雌成螨长约0.30mm，宽约0.16mm，身体椭圆形，扁平，多桔红色。背上有一个“H”形标记，紫红短须螨1年6-8代，世代重迭，从孵发育到成虫，恒温30℃为18.6d,20℃为48.8d。当湿度低于30%，平均温度高于30℃或者低于20℃时，紫红短须螨不能完成生活史，室内11.0-28.5℃的自然变温，湿度58%-97%条件下，紫红短须螨发育完成一个世代为28-55d。     

松阿扁叶蜂生物学特性及防治技术研究

松阿扁叶蜂是目前商洛市油松林重要食叶害虫,严重威胁油松林的生长发育。定点研究了其生物学特性、发生危害规律,开展了防治试验。松阿扁叶蜂在商洛林区1年发生1代,由幼虫越冬。其危害油松纯林重于混交林;立地条件较好的油松林分重于立地条件差的林分。喷施森得保粉剂（2.25 kg/hm2）、1.2%苦.烟乳油1 000~1 200倍液、3%高渗苯氧威乳油3 500~4 500倍液均可取得良好防效。