Li~+、肌醇与Ca~(2+)对苹果、梨、山楂花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

观测了苹果（金冠）、梨（鸭梨）、山植（面值）的花粉萌发和花粉管生长情况,结果表明,Li2SO4的浓度越高、处理时间越早,花粉萌发和花粉管生长的抑制程度越大,Ca2+和肌醇可不同程度地逆转上述效应。因此认为,细胞内一定量的肌醇和Ca2+是果树花粉萌发和花粉管生长所必需的,并对维持正常的肌醇磷脂代谢是至关重要的。     

外源多胺对苹果花粉管伸长及胚珠寿命的影响

研究了多胺对苹果花粉管伸长及胚珠寿命的影响。结果表明,多胺能促进花粉管伸长,延缓胚珠衰老;多胺浓度以１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ较１×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ效果为好。     

Number of Pollen Grains in Rice Cultivars with Different Cool-Weather Resistance at the Young Microspore Stage

Abstract

The difference in the number of pollen grains may be the primary factor determining the resistance to cool weather at the young microspore stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. To confirm this hypothesis, we compared the number of pollen grains among the cultivars or lines with various cool-weather resistance. The cultivars or lines used in the experiments were mainly released or grown in the Tohoku district (the northern part of the mainland of Japan). The number of pollen grains showed high correlation with the degree of cool-weather resistance, but considerably varied with the cultivar or line, even in the group having the same cool-weather resistance. Each group with different cool-weather resistance was divided into two subgroups, implying the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance. The number of pollen grains in the plants cooled at the young microspore stage showed higher correlation with the degree of the cool-weather resistance than that in the control plants without exposure to low temperature. The correlation between the pollen number and spikelet sterility was also analyzed using the data of Satake and Shibata (1992, Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 61 :454–462), who primarily used the cultivars in Hokkaido (the northernmost island of Japan). The results were basically the same as those obtained in the present experiments. These results confirmed the hypothesis that the variation in the number of pollen grains is a primary factor of the resistance to cool weather at the booting stage in the cultivars in the northern part of Japan. The results also suggested the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance.     

安哥拉山羊级进杂交后代生活力初步观察

对安哥拉山羊及其级进杂交后代的生长发育、繁殖力、抗病性、采食习性等进行初步观察研究，结果表明：在试验场良好的饲养条件下，各代杂种羊生长发育正常，但繁殖力、抗病性、采食能力随级进杂交代数的增加有降低的趋势。据此，笔者认为，在陕北特定的生态经济条件下，培育毛用山羊新品种，级进杂交代数不宜太高，到Ｆ３代应停止级进，进行横交固定，而且在整个育种中，应始终注意饲养问题，以保证新品种培育成功。     

贮藏条件对郁金香花粉生命力的影响

以花粉萌发率为指标,研究了6种贮藏条件对4个品种的郁金香花粉生命力的影响.结果表明:不同品种的郁金香花粉生命力不同.贮藏温度对郁金香花粉生命力有很大影响,-18℃ 冷冻条件有利于保持郁金香花粉生命力,0～2℃冷藏条件次之,20～25℃常温条件最差.贮藏湿度对郁金香花粉也有影响,在常温和冷藏条件下,干燥条件比非干燥条件更有利于郁金香花粉生命力的保持.     

精制马尾松花粉的营养和加工储藏技术

本文对马尾松花粉合理适时采摘，及时在常温35℃以下进行干燥，使含水量迅速下降为10％以下，经紫外线处理1～2小时达到灭菌控菌。经过加工处理的马尾松花粉，使之能储藏1～3年质量不变，与冰箱0～5℃储藏质量一样好。松花粉营养丰富，蛋白质含量较高，Fe、P、Mn、Ca、Zn含量多，Mg更为丰富，多种的营养成分，对人体健康有利，能促使体内元素平衡．马尾松花粉又是民间食疗珍品和传统中药材，因此，对加快开发马尾松花粉是有重大意义的。     

空气湿度对澳洲坚果开花座果和果实生长的影响

花期的澳洲坚果植株随着空气湿度的降低,其花粉育性降低、座果率及光合产物(叶绿素含量、总糖含量和淀粉含量)下降、幼果生长速度减慢。试验结果表明:空气湿度的降低导致叶片光合作用能力下降,干物质积累少,生物产量降低,花粉萌发率低、花粉管生长速度慢,造成花期不遇、授粉受精不良、座果率低,最后造成产量降低。不同品种受空气湿度胁迫的影响程度不同,品种的内部生理特性、花粉育性以及产量都存在差异。澳洲坚果生长的适宜空气湿度为日平均空气湿度在50%以上。     

Are Phenological Observations Sufficient to Estimate the Quality of Seed Crops from a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus grandis</Emphasis> Open-pollinated Seed Orchard? Consequences for Seed Collections

Reproductive phenology was observed over three years in a Eucalyptus grandis seed orchard in Madagascar to determine the impact of geographic differences of parental selections on the expected genetic composition of seed crops. Pollen flow (observed pollen cloud) was deduced from a paternity assignment based on sampling from one year’s seed production. The two approaches were used to verify whether knowledge of phenology is sufficient to predict the genetic quality of the seeds collected. Despite the high flowering level, with a constant cycle over three years, the results demonstrated wide reproductive phenological differences associated with the parents’ origin, suggesting putative pollination disequilibrium. From both observed and expected pollen clouds, the results showed preferential mating among different provenances, which has consequences for seed crop composition. Phenological observations, which can be made inexpensively, can be used to promote methods of effective seed orchard management in order to improve the genetic quality of seeds.     

THE EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ADVERSITY ON MALE FLOWERS AND POLLEN IN LARIX OLGENSIS

INTRODUCTIONLarlxolgcnsisisoneofthemainlyusedspeciesintl1ecastforestareaofnortheastChina.Itgrowsthstandhashighcomprehen-six'cusedvalue.So,itisdeeplylovedbypeo-ple,tl1cafforestionarcaisenlargedgraduallyyearbyycar.needsofitsseedsbecomegrcaterandgrcater.Forsccd-bearingcyclcanddal11-agcofIatclYostinproducingseedpcriod,tl1coutputisvel3'low,andseedsforaflbrcstingarcoIlcnil1sufficient.So'itisurgenttostlldycffcctoflot"tcmperatureonfemaleandmalel1otversofIarixolgcnsissotl1atmethodsofillcrcasingf…     

银杏雄株开花生物学特性的研究

对从泰安和郯城共５０５０株银杏雄株中筛选出的２６个优良单株的开花生物学特性进行了研究。这些单株具有花期长、花粉量大及花粉生活力强等特点。相关分析和方差分析结果表明,随海拔高度的增加,花期逐渐延长,但小孢子叶球数／短枝下降。每米长枝上的短枝数最高达４５个。短枝长与小孢子叶球数／短枝呈极呈著的正相关。３年生枝段短枝开花率最高,达９６％。每个短枝上小孢子叶球数最高达６４５个,每个小孢子叶球最多含花药５８个,每个花药含有花粉粒最高达２３×１０４个,平均每个小孢子叶球含花粉粒达６５×１０４个。１４＃单株出粉率达６８３％。一株４５年生雄株可产花粉１６５ｇ。花粉生活力平均为９２％。授粉后座果率９０％,有胚率９１％。