玉米花粉生活力研究进展

Grain numbers produced per ear is one of the most important factors affecting grain yield of maize and is determined in a large extent by pollination process.In this paper the research advanced on pollen grain viability and pollination capability of pollen grains,and effects of environmental factors including temperature,humidity,and water content of pollen grain and mineral elements on these characteristics in maize(Zea Mays L.) were reviewed.Measuring of pollen grain viability was also discussed.     

啤酒大麦安全烘干温度的研究

试验研究了啤酒大麦适宜的干燥温度。以浙农大3号、浙农大7号啤酒大麦品种为材料,采用35℃、45℃、55℃3种温度进行模拟烘干试验,并对烘干后的种子进行生活力、发芽力、脱氢酶活性、电导率的测定。结果表明,啤酒大麦的干燥温度控制在45℃以下为好,既安全,干燥效率又高,而在55℃温度条件下,虽干燥效率高但对啤酒大麦的发芽力及种子活力有显著的影响,35℃干燥虽安全可靠,但其干燥效率低,所需时间太长。     

油菜种子超干燥保存的最佳含水量研究

对5℃、25℃和35℃条件下保存6个月或12月的油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率和脱氢酶活性研究显示，油菜种子在不同温度条件下有不同的最佳含水量范围，最佳含水量可随保存温度下降而上升，35℃、25℃和5℃条件下油菜种子最佳含水量分别为4．0％－5．4％、4．0％－6．3％和7．5％以上。推荐油菜种子5－35℃超干燥保存的实用含水量为4％－5％。     

生长阶段及温度对微藻细胞总ATP酶活性的影响

以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、大溪地球等鞭藻(Isochrysis galbana daxidi)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)为实验对象,探讨批次培养过程中不同生长阶段及不同温度处理的藻细胞总ATP酶活性.结果表明:三种微藻在不同生长阶段的细胞总ATP...     

斜带石斑鱼肝细胞分离及原代培养方法的建立

本研究以斜带石斑鱼肝细胞为实验对象,在不同培养条件下进行原代培养,旨在探讨稳定可靠的斜带石斑鱼肝细胞分离及原代培养方法。采用组织块分离法和胰蛋白酶(含EDTA)消化法分离肝细胞,并通过密度梯度离心法分离纯化肝细胞,细胞悬液于DMEM/F-12、M199和L-15培养液中培养;细胞活力及数量采用血球计数板计数,并通过MTT法测定细胞增殖率;同时,测定不同时间培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、白蛋白(ALB)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量,以分析肝细胞生长状态。结果表明,组织块方法不适于斜带石斑鱼肝细胞的培养,未见细胞从组织块中迁出,而胰蛋白酶消化法获得良好稳定的培养效果,细胞产量达到1.6×108个/g肝重,活细胞数达到95%;L-15培养基细胞生长明显优于DMEM/F-12和M199培养基;启动原代培养的48~72 h阶段肝细胞生长代谢旺盛,培养上清液中LDH活性显著降低,ALB和BUN含量显著升高。结果显示,0.25%的胰蛋白酶常温消化法适合斜带石斑鱼肝细胞的分离,斜带石斑鱼肝细胞原代培养的最适培养基为L-15培养基,肝细胞在启动原代培养的48~72 h生长代谢旺盛。     

花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响

为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00~17:00,37℃;17:00~次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00~17:00, 30℃;17:00~次日8:00,25℃), 研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996这四种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。     

Estimates of minimum viable population sizes for vertebrates and factors influencing those estimates

Population size is a major determinant of extinction risk. However, controversy remains as to how large populations need to be to ensure persistence. It is generally believed that minimum viable population sizes (MVPs) would be highly specific, depending on the environmental and life history characteristics of the species. We used population viability analysis to estimate MVPs for 102 species. We define a minimum viable population size as one with a 99% probability of persistence for 40 generations. The models are comprehensive and include age-structure, catastrophes, demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, and inbreeding depression. The mean and median estimates of MVP were 7316 and 5816 adults, respectively. This is slightly larger than, but in general agreement with, previous estimates of MVP. MVPs did not differ significantly among major taxa, or with latitude or trophic level, but were negatively correlated with population growth rate and positively correlated with the length of the study used to parameterize the model. A doubling of study duration increased the estimated MVP by approximately 67%. The increase in extinction risk is associated with greater temporal variation in population size for models built from longer data sets. Short-term studies consistently underestimate the true variances for demographic parameters in populations. Thus, the lack of long-term studies for endangered species leads to widespread underestimation of extinction risk. The results of our simulations suggest that conservation programs, for wild populations, need to be designed to conserve habitat capable of supporting approximately 7000 adult vertebrates in order to ensure long-term persistence.     

转水稻OsSIK1基因玉米植株的获得及抗旱性分析

类受体激酶基因Os SIK1具有通过激活抗氧化系统,增强水稻对于干旱和盐胁迫抗性的作用。为了丰富可利用的作物抗旱基因,获得具有较高抗旱水平的玉米新种质,通过超声波辅助花粉介导法,将水稻类受体激酶基因Os SIK1导入玉米自交系郑58中,并对转化株进行卡那霉素筛选及T1、T2、T3的PCR及Southern Blotting杂交等分子检测,获得转化植株并在T3获得转基因纯合株系。对T3转基因玉米和非转基因玉米对照以16.1%的PEG模拟水分胁迫进行抗旱性分析。结果表明,与对照相比,在水分胁迫处理下,转基因玉米株系叶片相对含水量提高了7.4%~19.8%,叶绿素含量提高了11.3%~106.9%,SOD活性上升45.8%~93.4%,而转基因玉米叶片的相对电导率下降了35.4%~58.1%,MDA含量下降了25.7%~50.4%,说明转Os SIK1基因玉米植株抗旱性得到提高,其中,5个转化株系与对照在抗旱性方面有显著差异,且生长状况明显优于对照。综上所述,研究最终获得5个转Os SIK1基因玉米株系,并证明导入水稻Os SIK1基因可以提高玉米植株的抗旱性。     

水稻育性调控相关基因RNAi载体的构建及其表型鉴定

利用RNAi干扰技术研究不同基因对花粉发育、卵细胞发育和合子胚发育的影响是一种重要的手段。本研究通过筛选水稻在生殖发育过程中的9个重要调控基因,构建基因的RNAi表达载体,分析转基因植株育性及相关性状表型,以期探明RNAi表达载体对靶标性状的干扰效应。其中,AT61~AT63、AT64~AT66、AT67~AT69表达载体分别靶标花粉育性、卵细胞发育以及合子胚发育的调控。结果表明,除RNAi表达载体AT64没有获得转基因植株外,其余8个RNAi表达载体均获得了转基因植株;对T0代转基因植株的花粉育性、结实率以及潮霉素筛选(40 mg/L)发芽率检测的统计结果显示,RNAi表达载体AT62(花粉发育调控)、AT65(卵细胞发育调控)和AT67(合子胚发育调控)的干扰效应较强。本研究结果将为创制新型水稻基因工程不育系提供策略和选择。     

花/蕾低温保存对花椰菜花粉活力及授粉效果的影响

本研究将通过低温(3℃~5℃)干燥处理花椰菜完全开放的花和不同大小的蕾,利用花粉活力测定、花粉萌发观察和杂交结籽率检测等手段分析了低温保存对其花粉活力及授粉效果的影响。研究结果表明,当天开放花的花粉活力和萌发率最高,分别达到91.3%和45.6%,授粉效果也最好,每角果平均可收获11.3粒种子。3℃~5℃干燥储存8 d后花粉活力和萌发率显著降低,储存16 d后花粉杂交结籽率显著降低,不适合作为花粉供体;开花前1 d和2 d的蕾,3℃~5℃干燥储存8 d的花粉活力分别为88.3%和85.2%,萌发率均为32.4%左右,授粉杂交结籽率分别达到9.8和8.3粒种子/角果。随着储存时间的延长,花粉活力及萌发率逐渐降低。3℃~5℃干燥储存32 d的花粉杂交结籽率仍可达到8粒种子/角果。本研究结果为花椰菜杂交一代制种和组合测配的花粉保存提供理论依据。