Evaluation of beta-mannanase and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme inclusion separately or intermittently in reduced energy diets fed to male broilers on performance parameters and carcass yield

The experimental design consisted of 5 dietary treatments including a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC; with a reduction of 88 kcal/kg of AME through the starter and grower 1 phase and a reduction of 132 kcal/kg of AME in the grower 2, finisher, and withdrawal phases compared with the PC), and the NC supplemented with either β-mannanase, nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase; cocktail carbohydrase), or β-mannanase and NSPase intermittently fed. The intermittent treatment included β-mannanase from d 1 to 21 (starter and grower 1 phases) and NSPase from d 22 to 47. Each treatment included 9 replicate pens with 35 male broilers placed per replicate (1,575 total chicks placed). The dietary program consisted of 5 dietary phases, including the starter through d 10, grower 1 through d 21, grower 2 through d 32, finisher through d 40, and withdrawal through d 47. Broilers were weighed and feed consumption determined on days of dietary changes. On d 48, following an 8-h feed withdrawal, 6 broilers from each replicate pen were removed and processed for whole bird and fat pad measurements. The reduction in energy in the NC diet reduced BW and increased mortality rate, and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently in the NC diet improved growth performance and reduced mortality to levels that were comparable to the PC. The NC yielded the highest cumulative mortality-corrected FCR and all enzyme inclusion treatments reduced FCR to levels comparable to the PC for the duration of the trial. The NC diet yielded the lowest processing yields and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently increased multiple processing parameters to a level similar to the PC. These data confirm the ability of β-mannanase and NSPase inclusion separately and intermittently to improve performance parameters in reduced-energy broiler diets.     

响应面分析法优化枸杞多糖的提取工艺

本文以枸杞多糖的提取得率为衡量指标,考察了料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间三种因素对枸杞多糖得率的影响,从而优化了枸杞多糖的提取工艺。最终实验得出提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1：27g/mL,浸提温度81益,浸提时间为2.5h。在此条件下,枸杞多糖得率为5.03%。经过对二次响应面的分析,在最佳工艺参数下,得出枸杞多糖提取获得率的二次回归方程。     

花生非淀粉多糖和抗氧化肽同步提取技术研究

研究米曲霉和酿酒酵母混合固态发酵热榨花生粕同步提取花生非淀粉多糖和抗氧化肽,为花生粕的高值化利用提供理论基础。以发酵产物的可溶性氮浓度、1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率和非淀粉多糖得率为考察指标,研究了菌种比例、接种量、营养盐溶液量、发酵温度、发酵时间、水浴温度和水浴时间对发酵效果的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:菌种比例1∶2,接种量3mL,营养盐溶液添加量30mL,发酵温度33℃,发酵时间42h,水浴温度40℃,水浴时间6h。此工艺下发酵产物的可溶性氮浓度为46.32mg/mL、DPPH自由基清除率为71.90%、羟自由基清除率为96.96%、非淀粉多糖得率为4.36%。发酵产物经乙醇沉淀和超滤分离得到的花生非淀粉多糖和抗氧化肽产品具有清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、金属离子螯合力和还原力等4大类抗氧化活性。     

不同种类真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的防治效果

为了筛选小麦黄矮病的真菌多糖防治药剂及其适宜浓度,将云芝、灵芝、虫草等13种真菌多糖稀释成0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0g·L-1溶液,以清水为对照,比较分析了叶面喷施真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的预防和治疗效果,同时对防效好的1.1%云芝葡聚糖(多糖)与常规植物抗病毒药剂的田间防效进行了比较。结果表明,13种真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的预防作用都显著高于治疗作用,且真菌多糖间和浓度间差异均显著,其中云芝多糖1.0g·L-1、云芝多糖2.0g·L-1、蜜环菌多糖2.0g·L-1、灰树花多糖2.0g·L-1、猪苓多糖2.0g·L-1的预防效果分别为86.88%、86.58%、86.33%、86.04%和85.97%。1.1%云芝葡聚糖800倍液为适宜喷施浓度,其防效64.27%,保产22.70%,说明云芝多糖是一种有前途的新型小麦黄矮病免疫抑制剂。     

Simple and Rapid Quality Control of Sulfated Glycans by a Fluorescence Sensor Assay—Exemplarily Developed for the Sulfated Polysaccharides from Red Algae Delesseria sanguinea

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin.     

不同栽培基质对6种侧耳属食用菌风味成分的影响

为探究不同栽培基质对侧耳属食用菌风味成分的影响以及不同品种食用菌间的风味成分差异,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对桑枝、杂木屑和棉籽壳基质上栽培的6种侧耳属食用菌风味成分进行了分析。结果表明,18个样品中共检出47种挥发性化合物,包括13种醛类化合物、9种醇类化合物、9种酮类化合物、2种呋喃类化合物、2种酯类化合物等。18个样品中的共有成分有17种,包括正己醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛酮、1-辛烯-3-酮、2-正戊基呋喃等。18个样品中挥发性化合物的种类和相对含量差异较大,但棉籽壳基质上栽培的6个菌株子实体中均出现了较高含量的酯类化合物。所有样品中的关键风味成分(ROAV≥1)均包括1-辛烯-3-酮和1-辛烯-3-醇,桑枝基质和杂木屑基质栽培的部分菌株中关键风味成分还包括正己醛、壬醛和2-壬烯醛等。18个样品中总5'-核苷酸含量和总游离氨基酸含量分别为7.86~43.86 mg·g^-1 DW和8.54~25.34 mg·g^-1 DW, 且杂木屑基质栽培的所有菌株中总游离氨基酸含量均高于桑枝基质和棉籽壳基质。综上所述,棉籽壳基质有利于侧耳属食用菌中酯类化合物的生成,而杂木屑基质有利于游离氨基酸的生成。本研究结果为侧耳属食用菌栽培及风味成分的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

可溶性大豆多糖超声波提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

研究利用超声波技术提取大豆多糖对其抗氧化性的影响,确定最佳提取工艺。通过单因素试验和响应面法优化试验,确定各因素对大豆多糖抗氧化性的影响顺序为：超声功率〉料液比〉超声时间〉超声温度;得到最佳工艺参数为：超声时间60 min、超声功率90 W、超声温度55℃、料液比1∶24,在此条件下大豆多糖对羟自由基的清除率为24.8%。     

玉米芯栽培平菇技术研究——以绥化市北林区为例

针对绥化市北林区平菇的代料栽培技术,以玉米芯为主要原料,从栽培模式、栽培季节、原料准备、发酵以及出菇管理几方面阐述其栽培技术要点。     

河南省平菇栽培技术改进与创新

主要对近年来河南省平菇栽培技术的改进和创新方面做简要介绍,主要包括平菇栽培原料开发利用、原料处理技术、栽培技术等方面改进与创新相关内容。     

霉变废料栽培秀珍菇试验

[目的]为了减少栽培食用菌的原料损失、降低生产成本、保护栽培环境,对食用菌生产中产生的霉变废料进行了再利用试验研究,探讨其再利用的有效方法和途径。[方法]秀珍菇（Pleurotus geesteranus）品种为夏丰1号。6种栽培料培养基配方分别为：配方1．废料40％,棉子皮48％,麦麸9％,糖1％,石膏1％,石灰1％;配方2,废料60％,棉子皮30％,麦麸6％,糖1％,石膏1％,石灰2％：配方3,废料80％,棉子皮14％,麦麸1％,糖1％,石膏1％,石灰3％;配方4,废料90％,棉子皮5％,石膏1％,石灰4％;配方5,废料95％,石灰5％;配方6（对照）,棉子皮80％,麦麸18％,糖1％,石膏1％。[结果]发菌阶段配方3效果显著优于对照,可明显提高菌丝生长速度．缩短发菌时间。在鲜菇的生物学效率（产量）方面,配方5与对照差异不显著。[结论]利用霉变废料代替常规棉子皮栽培秀珍菇可行。