盐胁迫下植物质膜和液泡膜H+-ATPase活性的研究进展

综述了植物质膜和液泡膜H+-ATPase的结构特征、生理功能和活性变化的研究进展。     

白藜芦醇对HA-VSMC细胞膜电位和钙离子的影响

[目的]研究白藜芦醇对人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(T/G HA-VSMC)膜电位和游离钙浓度的影响。[方法]用荧光染料DiBAC4(3)和Fluo-3-AM分别标记细胞,在流式细胞仪上分别测定细胞膜电位及胞内游离钙浓度的变化。[结果]给予Res后,HA-VSMC膜电位去极化,胞内游离钙浓度升高。[结论]Res可去极化HA-VSMC细胞膜电位,促进钙内流。     

质量控制图在土壤重金属的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定中的应用

质量控制图是以高等数学的概率论及统计检验为理论基础而建立的一种既便于直观地判断分析质量又能全面、连续地反映分析测试结果的波动状况的图形,是用于常规检测质量控制的一种有效方法。将质量控制图和空白值的检验结合起来,不仅可以实现检出限的检验,而且可以动态地控制试验的各个方面的条件。该方法的推广运用可以提高实验室的分析测试和质量管理水平,保证数据质量。     

膜生物反应器系统处理生活污水的中试研究

[目的]考察膜生物反应器(MBR)对生活污水中COD和氨氮的去除效果。[方法]以成都市第二污水处理厂进水为中试用水,采用由自主开发的聚偏氟乙烯制成的高性能中空纤维膜材料做的膜组件进行中试研究,试验工艺为A/O-MBR,对MBR在实际废水中的性能进行评估。[结果]采用MBR处理生活污水,对CODCr去除率平均水平在90%以上,且在进水CODCr波动比较大的情况下,保持相90%以上。运行期间,回流量维持在5 m3/h,出水流量在1.3～2.2 m3/h变动,相应的HRT在6.7～12.0 h变动,但出水水质并没有较大变化,说明MBR系统对HRT的要求并不高。[结论]MBR对生活污水中的COD和氨氮具有良好的去除效果。     

MBR膜污染形成机理及控制膜污染研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥法相比,具有出水水质好、占地面积小等一系列优点,但膜污染问题却成为限制MBR发展的关键因素之一。介绍了膜污染的形成机理,并综述了控制膜污染方式的研究进展,为有效解决MBR膜污染问题提供了参考。     

Effects of stress on endocrine and metabolic processes and redirection: cross talk between subcellular compartments

Recent advances in genome analysis and biochemical pathway mapping have advanced our understanding of how biological systems have evolved over time. Protein and DNA marker comparisons suggest that several of these systems are both ancient in origin but highly conserved into today's evolved species. However, remnants of some of the more ancient functions of these chemical systems can run in conflict with the functions that those same pathways serve in complex organisms and tissue systems today. Relevant to the present topic, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), ancient cellular molecules in evolutionary terms, are recognized today as both necessary for the well-being and stable health of cells but also injurious to cells as elaborated in conjunction with the cellular stress response. Why the dichotomy? This question underlies one of the basic issues challenging researchers as well as practitioners in their approach to disease management. The fundamental proinflammatory response of the innate immune system of the host is needed for pathogen control but can be injurious to tissues from “collateral damage” from NO- and O₂^•−-derived reactive molecules capable of affecting protein function via post-translational chemical modification. This review highlights newer aspects of the biochemistry of the NO- and O₂^•−-mediated innate proinflammatory response and further show how protein and tissue damage via overproduction of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediary molecules such as peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) might be targeted to specific epitopes of proteins. Changes in the regulation of metabolism in response to proinflammatory disease states are discussed for GH signal transduction and tissue specificity.     

苯甲酸、肉桂酸对西瓜根细胞保护酶及膜透性的影响

自毒作用是导致西瓜连作障碍的重要因素之一,利用已知的西瓜主要自毒物质苯甲酸和肉桂酸,研究其对西瓜根细胞保护酶及膜透性的影响。试验结果表明：苯甲酸、肉桂酸处理可抑制过氧化物酶（POD）活性;对超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性表现出促进和抑制双重作用,即低浓度处理可提高酶活性,而高浓度处理则酶活性下降;对于硝酸还原酶（NR）,只有肉桂酸表现出促进和抑制双重作用,而苯甲酸对NR活性则只表现出抑制作用;苯甲酸、肉桂酸对根细胞质膜H＋-ATPase活性的影响比较复杂,在低浓度下（〈0.250 mmol/L）先下降,而后有上升趋势（0.250~0.500 mmol/L）,进而随处理浓度（〉0.500 mmol/L）的增加又下降。对于POD、SOD、NR酶活性的影响,苯甲酸的作用强度大于肉桂酸,而对根细胞质膜H＋-ATPase活性的影响,则是肉桂酸大于苯甲酸。苯甲酸、肉桂酸处理可增加根细胞膜透性,且苯甲酸的作用大于肉桂酸。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区突触体Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的影响

研究Na+,K+-ATP酶与小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的关系,以判断该酶是否为该制剂作用的靶位之一.试验选取84只SD大鼠,先随机抽取12只为对照组,其余随机均分为高剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组(腹腔注射(ip) 7.5 mg/kg)和低剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组(5mg/kg),每个剂量组又随机均分为麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组等3个亚组.对照组注射生理盐水10 mL/kg,5 min后断头取材;麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组分别在翻正反射消失即刻、翻正反射恢复即刻和大鼠可直线爬行后断头取材.迅速分离双侧大脑皮层、海马、小脑、脑干、丘脑,立即液氮冷冻.制备脑粗突触体,采用比色法测定Na+,K+-ATP酶活性.结果表明:2个剂量麻醉组大脑皮层、脑干和丘脑突触体Na+,K+-ATP酶活性受到明显抑制(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高剂量组小脑该酶也发生明显变化(P＜0.05).在恢复期上述脑区的该酶活性呈现不同程度恢复,与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),海马在2剂量组未发生明显的变化.小型猪复合麻醉剂的全麻作用与抑制小脑和丘脑突触体Na+,K+-ATP酶活性相关,说明此酶可能是小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的靶位之一.     

Effect of Food Availability on the Physiological Responses to Water Deprivation in Ponies

Six ponies were deprived of drinking water and food and compared over 24 hours with nondeprived ponies, ponies deprived of water but with food available, and ponies deprived of food but with water available. When food was eaten during water deprivation, plasma osmolality rose 4% from 284 mOsm/kg to 295 mOsm/kg. During water and food deprivation, plasma osmolality failed to rise, even over 24 hours, and usually fell. Packed cell volume was higher when food but not water was available. Food and/or water deprivation had no significant effect on plasma protein concentration. When food was available, the ponies drank three times more water (13.1 ± 2.1 kg) than when water but not food was available (3.5 ± 1.4 kg). Blood volume changes were calculated from packed cell volume and plasma protein data, and it was found that blood volume did not change significantly with deprivation. Urine volume did not vary with deprivation, but free water clearance changed significantly, falling when food but not water was available. Under these conditions, blood volume is maintained, but the mechanisms are not clear. When deprived of both drinking water and food, ponies failed to develop the hyperosmolality expected under these conditions. Water deprivation while food is available is a more powerful challenge to water and electrolyte homeostasis than deprivation of both food and water.     

酿酒葡萄膜下滴灌土壤水分分布规律的研究

[目的]研究膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉定额对酿酒葡萄土壤水分的动态变化规律的影响.[方法]通过田间试验,以不覆膜为对照,研究覆膜条件下酿酒葡萄不同生育期土壤水分动态变化规律.[结果]覆膜能有效保证土壤水分不易散失.土壤水分大多集中在20～60 cm的深度.7～8月是葡萄生长发育旺盛和葡萄果实膨大、着色、成熟的关键时期.[结论]膜下滴灌是保证葡萄增产节水的重要措施.保持20 ～60 cm土层适宜的土壤含水量是葡萄生产的重要因素.7～8月应适时加大灌溉量并缩短灌水周期,满足葡萄生长的需要.