Osmoregulation in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

The osmoregulation capabilities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon exposed to three experimental osmolalities (22, 250 and 387 mOsmol kg⁻¹) were studied over a 45-day period. Growth performance, haematological parameters, ion concentrations, gill and spiral valve Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities, as well as gill and spiral valve histology, were measured. At the end of the period, the plasma osmolality of fish kept in 250 and 387 mOsmol kg⁻¹ was higher than that of fish kept in 22 mOsmol kg⁻¹. Similar trends were observed in electrolyte concentrations. Spiral valve and gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity varied with exposure time and environmental salinity. Shortly after being transferred to hyperosmotic media, spiral valve Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity fell, while gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity remained constant. At the end of the experiment, gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities in fish kept in isosmotic and hyperosmotic media had increased in comparison to those of the control fish. Moreover, spiral valve Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities recovered and were similar to those recorded in fish kept in hyposmotic environments. Although some of the morpho-physiological mechanisms were operational in juvenile Siberian sturgeon in their adaptation to hyperosmotic media, fish cannot be considered hyperosmotic regulators as they were unable to maintain their plasma osmolality and electrolyte equilibrium in salinities higher than 250 mOsmol kg⁻¹. This suggests that the culture of juvenile Siberian sturgeon in brackish environments is unlikely to be successful. However, our data indicate that in natural environments, juvenile Siberian sturgeon in migratory populations (Ob and Lena Rivers) would be able to migrate successfully into estuarine brackish grounds with a salinity of up to 9%. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同时期小鼠血浆中孕激素的变化

[目的]了解不同妊娠期、泌乳期小鼠血浆中孕激素水平的变化。[方法]通过放射免疫法测定血浆中孕激素的水平。[结果]妊娠期内孕激素的水平先升后降,而在泌乳期内孕激素水平较稳定。[结论]不同时期体内孕激素的水平受多种因素的影响。     

环境温度对鸡饲粮代谢能测值及血浆中甲状腺激素浓度的影响

在5～35℃区间设六个温度条件,研究了环境温度对鸡饲粮干物质表观代谢率(ADMR)、干物质真代谢(TDMR)、表观代谢能(AME)、真代谢能(TME)及血液中甲状腺激素水平的影响,并探讨了干物质代谢率、内源性干物质(EDM)、内源性能量(EEL)排出量及代谢能等与血浆中甲状腺激素水平的关系。共用78只成年京白公鸡进行了测定。结果表明:环境温度显著影响ADMR、TDMR、EDM、EEL、AME、TME及血浆中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)的水平。ADMR、AME、EDM、EEL、TDMR、TME、血浆中T_3浓度与环境温度关系呈曲线型。本试验还探讨了ADMR、AME、EDM、EEL、TDMR、TME与血浆中T_3浓度的关系,相关关系极显著,呈现出令人感兴趣的趋势,但对其进一步的生理机制有待深入研究。     

奶牛慢性淀粉渣中毒的病理学观察

7例慢性淀粉渣中毒的奶牛,解剖后呈一致性病变.真胃和肠道,特别是幽门、十二指肠、空肠前段和回盲口附近的肠段,发生以浆细胞大量浸润为特征的典型慢性卡他性炎,于国内外资料尚无记载.实质脏器变性;脾白髓组织萎缩;脾和淋巴结有多量含铁血黄素沉着。这些病变为奶牛淀粉渣中毒的病理诊断提供了依据.     

The effects of delays between restraint and sampling on some blood parameters in sheep

Twenty three non pregnant, non lactating aged Merino and Border Leicester ewes were subject to four jugular venipunctures one hour apart (times 0, 1, 2 and 3). Four different delay intervals of 12.5, 64.0, 128.0 and 252.9 seconds between catching and sampling (delays 1, 2, 3 and 4) were used on each sheep in a random manner. Estimates were made of packed cell volumes (PCVs), plasma and erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations. The mean PCV at time 0 of 35.4 per cent was significantly higher than the levels of 33.1, 31.8 and 32.2 per cent at times 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There was no significant difference between the means at times 1, 2 and 3. The mean plasma potassium concentrations at time 0 of 4.37 mmol/l was significantly higher than the levels of 4.16 and 4.14 mmol/l at times 1 and 3 respectively. Delays had no significant effects on the means of any of the parameters studied. The findings strongly suggest that sheep become excited by initial handling but not by subsequent venipunctures and that a delay between catching and sampling of between 12.5 and 252.9 second has no effect on the blood constituents studied.     

自由基清除剂的保护作用与甘蔗的抗旱性

用半胱氨酸、二苯胺、巯基乙醇，苯甲酸钠和α-生育酚等五种化合物作为外源自由基清除剂，研究自由基清除剂的保护作用与甘蔗抗旱性的关系。结果表明，外源自由基清除剂预处理降低了水分胁迫下甘蔗叶片细胞的膜脂过氧化程度和膜透性增加的程度，并延缓 甘蔗叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的下降。这些结果说明外源自由基清除剂在     

苋菜,油菜和芹菜矿物元素含量的研究

本文用ICPS-1000Ⅱ型等离子光谱仪,分别测定了苋菜、油菜、芹菜中的钾、钠、钙、镁、磷、铜、铁、锌、锰、锶十种元素的含量,标准曲线浓度与强度的相关系数(r=0.999)。在几种蔬菜中苋菜铁的含量高,苋菜5个品种中棠东红最高,而且锌、铜、钙、镁等也比较高。测定的7种油菜中,徐州苔菜锌铜比、锰铜比及锌铜锰总量高于其它品种。     

膜脂组成和膜结合酶活性与玉米幼苗抗冷性的关系

玉米黄化幼苗经4～5℃低温处理36小时后,膜脂组成在自交系间、处理和对照间没有差异;膜脂肪酸不饱和度发生明显变化,抗性强的自交系不饱和指数提高,抗性差的不饱和指数降低,膜结合酶(叶绿体K~+-Mg~(2+)ATPase和线粒体Na~+-K~+ATPase)活性降低,抗性差的自交系膜结合酶活性降低幅度大于抗性强的自交系。     

等离子体处理玉米对化肥利用率的影响

2004年在吉林省桦甸市桦郊乡进行了等离子体种子4种不同剂量、6个处理区的试验。经过在拔节期、成熟期干物质的化验分析和测产，结果表明应用等离子体种子处理1.0A×2和1.5A×2的剂量能促进玉米吸收养分，（N＋P2O5＋K2O）总量比CK1提高10%以上；比CK1提高化肥利用率即提高氮肥、磷肥和钾肥利用率为7.4%~8.2%、 11.3%~19.7%和 15.7%~23.5%。明确了等离子体种子处理1.0A×2的剂量，比CK1增产8.2%，效果显著。     

不同丘陵地柑橘采后生理变化与活性氧代谢的关系研究

试验研究不同丘陵地柑橘果园锦橙果实采后生理变化与活性氧代谢的关系结果表明 ,2个试点柑橘果实采后活性氧均呈先升后降趋势 ,超氧化物歧化酶活性升高峰值滞后于活性氧 ,低温贮藏活性氧与几种膜保护酶活性均明显下降 ,但超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶活性相对值较高。活性氧代谢还与植物内源激素、丙二醛含量和电解质渗漏率及果实品质变化有密切关系。