等离子体处理大豆对化肥利用率的影响

为探索等离子体处理大豆对化肥利用率的影响、最佳方法和增产机理，进行了等离子体处理大豆对化肥利用率的试验。试验采用5种剂量、7个处理三次重复随机排列。苗期调查处理根数比CK1多1.8~2.9条。处理间株高变化不明显。结荚期、成熟期干物质的化验分析和测产，结果表明处理1.0A×2和1.5A×2的剂量能促进大豆吸收养分，(N＋P2O5＋K2O)总量比CK1提高10%以上；比CK1提高化肥利用率，提高氮、磷、钾肥利用率为25.2%~32.9%、3.0%~6.7%和 7.5%~13.5%。明确处理1.0A×2的剂量，比CK1增产11.0%，效果显著。     

微囊藻毒素对水稻幼苗营养吸收的影响

为进一步解析作物对水体中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的适应机制,通过水培试验研究MCs对水稻幼苗营养吸收及质膜H~+-ATPase基因表达的影响。结果表明:胁迫7 d后,1μg·L~(-1)MCs组水稻幼苗根系活力增加。10μg·L~(-1)MCs组水稻幼苗根系活力和质膜H~+-ATPase活性增加,促进了矿质营养(Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和NO_3~-)的吸收。其中质膜H~+-ATPase活性上升与OSA1、OSA2、OSA3、OSA4、OSA6、OSA8和OSA9表达上调有关。高浓度MCs(100μg·L~(-1)和1000μg·L~(-1))组水稻幼苗根系活力和质膜H~+-ATPase活性降低,阻碍了水稻幼苗对矿质营养的吸收,此时质膜H~+-ATPase的基因表达呈下调趋势,且降低程度随MCs处理浓度增大而增强。恢复7 d后,10μg·L~(-1)MCs组根系活力、质膜H~+-ATPase活性和营养元素含量恢复至对照水平。100μg·L~(-1)MCs组各指标均优于胁迫期,而1000μg·L~(-1)MCs对营养吸收的抑制未恢复。研究表明,MCs胁迫导致的水稻幼苗中营养元素含量的变化受质膜H~+-ATPase活性的调控,且调控能力受MCs浓度限制。     

Matrine inhibits mycelia growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea by affecting membrane permeability

Matrine is a promising botanical antifungal;however, the mechanism underlying the antifungal activity is yet limited. We studied the antifungal activity of matrine and the underlying mechanism in Botryosphaeria dothidea as a model strain. Matrine strongly inhibited mycelial growth of B. dothidea in a dose-dependent manner. Matrine-treated B. dothidea showed morphological and ultrastructural alterations, including shriveled hyphae, plasmolysis, and leakage of cytoplasm related to cell membrane deterioration. In addition, matrine caused significantly high conductivity and absorbance (260 nm) in extracellular matrices and low lipid contents in B. dothidea, indicating increased membrane permeability. Lipid peroxidation showed that matrine resulted in increased malondialdehyde content while enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. These results showed that matrine inhibited the mycelial growth of B. dothidea by enhancing cell membrane permeability via membrane lipid peroxidation.     

Biochemical defense responses of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) lines to Phytophthora capsici

A study on biochemical factors involved in black pepper defense response against Phytophthora capsici, was carried out in P. capsici susceptible (Sreekara) and resistant (04-P24, shows root resistance to the pathogen) black pepper lines. Seven important factors – change in membrane conductance, total phenols, orthodihydroxy (OD) phenols, lignin and defense related enzymes (peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and β-1,4 glucanase) – were studied under uninoculated and pathogen (P. capsici, isolate 06-04) inoculated condition to know the preformed and induced responses. The pathogen was inoculated (soil inoculation) and plants were observed for changes, at 24 h intervals for 10 days. On 8th day after inoculation symptoms started appearing on Sreekara and increased the severity till 10th day. Both root and stem samples were subjected for biochemical analysis. Of the factors analyzed, it was found that membrane conductance, OD phenol, lignin and peroxidase activity play significant role in root resistance to P. capsici in 04-P24. Light microscopy of the portion of root – where pathogen found attached – was also done.     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区突触体Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性的影晌

探讨Ca2＋，Mg2＋-ATP酶与小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的关系，以判断该酶是否为该制剂作用的靶位之一。选取84只SD大鼠，先随机抽取12只为对照组，其余随机均分为高剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组（腹腔注射7．5mg／kg）和低剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组（腹腔注射5mg／kg），每个剂量组又随机均分为麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复Ⅱ组等3个亚纽。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水10mL／kg，5min后断头取材；麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复Ⅱ组分别在翻正反射消失即刻、翻正反射恢复即刻和大鼠可直线爬行后断头取材，在生理盐水冰面上取脑，用4℃生理盐水将脑上的血迹冲洗干净，迅速分离双侧大脑皮层、海马、小脑、脑干、丘脑，立即液氮冷冻。制备脑粗突触体，采用比色法测定ca2＋，Mg2-ATP酶活性。结果表明，小型猪复合麻醉剂的全麻作用与抑制小脑和丘脑突触体Ca2＋，Mg2＋-ATP酶活性相关，此酶可能是小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的靶位之一。     

Effect of scrapie incubation on the concentrations of plasma amino acids and L-lactate in infected lambs

Three groups of two weeks old growing lambs differing in PrP genotype were orally inoculated with scrapie and maintained under defined conditions until disease endpoint. Plasma concentrations of free alanine and serine, but not L-lactate increased during the final 6 months of the disease. At the same time, plasma concentrations of several essential and non-essential free amino acids decreased linearly, indicating reduced feed intake and are consistent with, but occurring before establishment, of cachexia. These observations are consistent with those reported previously from studies on cattle infected with BSE and with the hypothesis that scrapie may effect peripheral tissue metabolism.     

不同薄膜包装冷藏对扁桃主要成分变化的影响

将采后的"陕86-4"扁桃以不同厚度的PE薄膜包装后置于(0±0.5)℃温度下冷藏,定期测定扁桃的呼吸强度、含水量、粗脂肪、含糖量及蛋白质含量,测定结果表明:(1)"陕86-4"扁桃在(0±0.5)℃温度,RH 65%左右,0.03 mm PE薄膜条件贮藏效果要好于0.05 mm和0.08 mmPE薄膜,最有利于减缓生理代谢速度,延缓衰老,延长贮藏期,是较理想的贮藏方法;(2)"陕86-4"扁桃属于呼吸跃变型果实,几个处理的呼吸飘移中都有呼吸高峰的出现,0.03 mm 厚的PE薄膜能有效推迟"陕86-4"扁桃的呼吸高峰到来;(3)"陕86-4"扁桃的含水量、含糖量、粗脂肪及蛋白质含量在(0±0.5)℃温度,RH在65%左右,0.03 mm PE薄膜条件下贮藏变化较小;(4)薄膜厚度过厚会引起贮藏环境中气体成分(CO2和O2)比例不当,而导致"陕86-4"扁桃异常代谢,贮藏效果下降.     

仙客来品种间耐热性比较研究

以9个不同品种仙客来幼苗为试材,通过叶片细胞相对膜透性的测定,结合叶片显微结构的观察,对仙客来不同品种间幼苗的耐热性进行了比较.结果表明:法国、日本仙客来品种耐热性最强,荷兰品种耐热性最差;仙客来叶片细胞相对膜透性和叶片表皮厚度均可作为其不同品种间耐热性鉴定指标.     

中草药处理对贮藏期黄瓜细胞膜透性变化的影响

试验选用具有杀菌作用的12种中草药处理黄瓜,在室温(16～25℃)条件下贮藏10d,分析了贮藏期间黄瓜细胞膜透性变化及其与贮藏保鲜的关系。结果表明,中草药保鲜黄瓜与维持细胞较高VC水平,减小膜脂过氧化伤害,降低细胞膜透性变化密切相关;中草药处理可显著降低黄瓜贮藏期相对电导率增加率、丙二醛含量增加率、VC降低率,减小腐烂率、硬度下降率和失重率;不同中草药处理效应大小不同,连翘、高良姜影响效应较强。