等离子体处理玉米对化肥利用率的影响

2004年在吉林省桦甸市桦郊乡进行了等离子体种子4种不同剂量、6个处理区的试验。经过在拔节期、成熟期干物质的化验分析和测产，结果表明应用等离子体种子处理1.0A×2和1.5A×2的剂量能促进玉米吸收养分，（N＋P2O5＋K2O）总量比CK1提高10%以上；比CK1提高化肥利用率即提高氮肥、磷肥和钾肥利用率为7.4%~8.2%、 11.3%~19.7%和 15.7%~23.5%。明确了等离子体种子处理1.0A×2的剂量，比CK1增产8.2%，效果显著。     

棉花纤维发育后期Mg2+,K+-ATP酶的活性分析

1989～1990年选用陆地棉(G.hirstum L.)北农1号品种和海岛棉(G.barbadenseL.)海7124品种为材料,对棉纤维发育后期的纤维素形成过程进行了研究。结果表明:①随着棉纤维的发育 Mg~(2+),K~+-ATP 酶活性逐渐下降。②Mg~(2+),K~+-ATP 酶活性的最适 pH 值为6.5。Mg~(2+),K~+ATP 酶活性随[Mg~(2+)],[K~+]和[NADH]/[NAD~+]的增大而变大。③Mg~(2+),K~+ATP 酶活性变化与还原性糖含量变化呈显著正相关(r=0.811~*),与纤维素含量变化呈极显著负相关(r=-0.900~(**))。④Mg~(2+),K~+-ATP 酶参与了纤维素的形成过程。     

苯甲酸、肉桂酸对西瓜根细胞保护酶及膜透性的影响

自毒作用是导致西瓜连作障碍的重要因素之一,利用已知的西瓜主要自毒物质苯甲酸和肉桂酸,研究其对西瓜根细胞保护酶及膜透性的影响。试验结果表明：苯甲酸、肉桂酸处理可抑制过氧化物酶（POD）活性;对超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性表现出促进和抑制双重作用,即低浓度处理可提高酶活性,而高浓度处理则酶活性下降;对于硝酸还原酶（NR）,只有肉桂酸表现出促进和抑制双重作用,而苯甲酸对NR活性则只表现出抑制作用;苯甲酸、肉桂酸对根细胞质膜H＋-ATPase活性的影响比较复杂,在低浓度下（〈0.250 mmol/L）先下降,而后有上升趋势（0.250~0.500 mmol/L）,进而随处理浓度（〉0.500 mmol/L）的增加又下降。对于POD、SOD、NR酶活性的影响,苯甲酸的作用强度大于肉桂酸,而对根细胞质膜H＋-ATPase活性的影响,则是肉桂酸大于苯甲酸。苯甲酸、肉桂酸处理可增加根细胞膜透性,且苯甲酸的作用大于肉桂酸。     

Biochemical defense responses of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) lines to Phytophthora capsici

A study on biochemical factors involved in black pepper defense response against Phytophthora capsici, was carried out in P. capsici susceptible (Sreekara) and resistant (04-P24, shows root resistance to the pathogen) black pepper lines. Seven important factors – change in membrane conductance, total phenols, orthodihydroxy (OD) phenols, lignin and defense related enzymes (peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and β-1,4 glucanase) – were studied under uninoculated and pathogen (P. capsici, isolate 06-04) inoculated condition to know the preformed and induced responses. The pathogen was inoculated (soil inoculation) and plants were observed for changes, at 24 h intervals for 10 days. On 8th day after inoculation symptoms started appearing on Sreekara and increased the severity till 10th day. Both root and stem samples were subjected for biochemical analysis. Of the factors analyzed, it was found that membrane conductance, OD phenol, lignin and peroxidase activity play significant role in root resistance to P. capsici in 04-P24. Light microscopy of the portion of root – where pathogen found attached – was also done.     

低钾胁迫对玉米自交系苗期部分信号分子的影响

研究在低钾胁迫下玉米苗期胞间和胞内部分信号分子的改变。玉米自交系A(不耐低钾)和B(耐低钾),以1/2Hoagland溶液培养12d后,转入3个不同钾离子浓度(5μmol/L,100μmol/L,1000μmol/L)连续培养50d,测定其胞间ABA,IAA,GA,ZR激素水平及胞内CaM含量、PMCa2 -ATPase和NADK激酶活性。结果表明:低钾条件下,ABA/GA、ABA/IAA、ABA/ZR比值上升;同时,耐性品种CaM含量增加;低钾诱导了PMCa2 -ATPase和NADK响应,耐性品种的PMCa2 -ATPase和NADK活性高于非耐性品种。低钾条件下,(耐低钾自交系B通过胞间ABA/GA、A-BA/IAA、ABA/ZR比值变化,促进胞内CaM含量升高,导致下游PMCa2 -ATPase和NADK激酶活性升高),通过改变胞内Ca2 和NADP/NAD水平,适应低钾胁迫。     

接种固氮菌对甘蔗组培苗氮营养生理特性的影响

[目的]研究接种固氮菌对甘蔗组培苗氮营养生理特性的影响。[方法]将2种内生固氮菌B16L与B8R接种到甘蔗栽培品种G16、R16与R22的组培苗中,研究这些组培苗的氮营养生理特性的变化。[结果]于分蘖期和拔节期的测定结果表明,R16与R22+1叶的叶绿素含量、Ca2+-ATP酶活性处理均大于对照,G16+1叶的Ca2+-ATP酶活性处理低于对照。相对于分蘖期,拔节期不同品种的处理与对照的+1叶的叶绿素含量、Ca2+-ATP酶活性都有所升高。不同品种的处理与对照+1叶的硝态氮含量没有规律变化。[结论]接种内生固氮菌改善了R16与R22健康组培苗的一些氮营养生理特性,但对G16的影响不大。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区突触体Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性的影晌

探讨Ca2＋,Mg2＋-ATP酶与小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的关系,以判断该酶是否为该制剂作用的靶位之一。选取84只SD大鼠,先随机抽取12只为对照组,其余随机均分为高剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组（腹腔注射7．5mg／kg）和低剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组（腹腔注射5mg／kg）,每个剂量组又随机均分为麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复Ⅱ组等3个亚纽。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水10mL／kg,5min后断头取材;麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复Ⅱ组分别在翻正反射消失即刻、翻正反射恢复即刻和大鼠可直线爬行后断头取材,在生理盐水冰面上取脑,用4℃生理盐水将脑上的血迹冲洗干净,迅速分离双侧大脑皮层、海马、小脑、脑干、丘脑,立即液氮冷冻。制备脑粗突触体,采用比色法测定ca2＋,Mg2-ATP酶活性。结果表明,小型猪复合麻醉剂的全麻作用与抑制小脑和丘脑突触体Ca2＋,Mg2＋-ATP酶活性相关,此酶可能是小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的靶位之一。     

低温胁迫下北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca2+和Ca2+-ATPase的变化

 利用焦锑酸钙沉淀和硝酸铅沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,以室温生长的北海道黄杨植株为对照,研究了人工4 ℃低温胁迫过程中北海道黄杨（Euonymus japonicus‘Cuzhi’）叶肉细胞Ca²⁺和Ca²⁺-ATPase的动态变化。在4 ℃低温胁迫的初期（3 ~ 12 h）,北海道黄杨叶肉细胞间隙和液泡内的Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒减少,而细胞质和细胞核内的Ca²⁺水平升高,但Ca²⁺-ATPase在细胞的分布几乎没有变化,主要分布在质膜和液泡膜上,有较高的活性;低温胁迫24 h,细胞质和细胞核内增加的Ca²⁺开始回到细胞间隙和液泡中,Ca²⁺-ATPase在质膜和液泡膜上活性增强;在低温胁迫48 ~ 96 h,细胞内的Ca²⁺又回到低温胁迫前的低水平,但Ca²⁺-ATPase在质膜和液泡膜上仍有很高的活性。叶肉细胞内Ca²⁺稳态平衡和Ca²⁺-ATPase的活性变化与植物的抗寒性存在一定的相关性。     

Physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass,Morone saxatilis (Walbaum)

Several experiments were performed to investigate the physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Transfer of fish from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW; 31–32 ppt) induced only a minimal disturbance of osmotic homeostasis. Ambient salinity did not affect plasma thyroxine, but plasma cortisol remained elevated for 24h after SW transfer. Gill and opercular membrane chloride cell density and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity were relatively high and unaffected by salinity. Average chloride cell size, however, was slightly increased (16%) in SW-acclimated fish. Gill succinate dehydrogenase activity was higher in SW-acclimated fish than in FW fish. Kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity was slightly lower (16%) in SW fish than in FW fish. Posterior intestinal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity and water transport capacity (J_v) did not change upon SW transfer, whereas middle intestinal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity increased 35% after transfer and was correlated with an increase in J_v (110%). As salinity induced only minor changes in the osmoregulatory organs examined, it is proposed that the intrinsic euryhalinity of the striped bass may be related to a high degree of “preparedness” for hypoosmoregulation that is uncommon among teleosts studied to data.     

外源乙烯对草莓果实微粒体Ca2+- ATPase活性和膜脂过氧化的调节

 以乳白期‘春星’草莓(Fragaria ananassa Duch．‘Chunxing’)果实为试材，研究了经钙调素(CaM)拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP)、氯丙嗪(CPZ)各100 µmol·L^-1 和钙通道阻塞剂异博定(Verapamil)100 µmol·L^-1 预处理后再用乙烯(50 µL·L^-1 )处理的草莓果实中微粒体“Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性、O₂ 产生速率和MDA含量的变化。结果表明，外源乙烯对微粒体膜O₂ 产生速率无显著影响，处理早期提高微粒体膜Ca²⁺- ATPase总活性，对MDA含量影响不大；后期加速微粒体膜Ca²⁺- ATPase总活性下降，但仍保持较高的MDA含量和线粒体膜Ca²⁺-ATPase活性。CPZ、TFP和Verapamil预处理降低了上述乙烯处理下Ca²⁺- ATPase活性和MDA含量，但对微粒体膜O 产生速率亦无显著影响，这说明细胞内Ca²⁺-和CaM 可能参与了乙烯诱导的膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性与膜脂过氧化水平的调节。