Plasma levels of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion of ketamine and its effect on single and repeated nociceptive stimuli in conscious dogs

This study quantitatively investigated the analgesic action of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (as a 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ bolus and at a dose rate of 10 μg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) in conscious dogs using a nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and with enantioselective measurement of plasma levels of ketamine and norketamine. Withdrawal reflexes evoked by transcutaneous single and repeated electrical stimulation (10 pulses, 5 Hz) of the digital plantar nerve were recorded from the biceps femoris muscle using surface electromyography.Ketamine did not affect NWR thresholds or the recruitment curves after a single nociceptive stimulation. Temporal summation (as evaluated by repeated stimuli) and the evoked behavioural response scores were however reduced compared to baseline demonstrating the antinociceptive activity of ketamine correlated with the peak plasma concentrations. Thereafter the plasma levels at pseudo-steady-state did not modulate temporal summation. Based on these experimental findings low-dose ketamine CRI cannot be recommended for use as a sole analgesic in the dog.     

Protecting effect of vitamin E supplementation on submaximal exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary dogs as assessed by erythrocyte membrane fluidity and paraoxonase-1 activity

The aim of this placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effects of oral vitamin E supplementation for 10 weeks on exercise-induced oxidative damage in untrained dogs. Eight dogs were randomly assigned to a supplementation (n = 4) or control (n = 4) group and underwent two isolated submaximal exercise sessions, 10 weeks apart. Blood was collected during each session to measure erythrocyte membrane fluidity (EMF), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E concentrations. These biomarkers were measured in venous blood samples collected before (t₀), just after (t, EMF only) and 1 d (t + 1 d) and 7 d (t + 7 d) after the dogs ran on a treadmill.Prior to vitamin E supplementation, exercise induced a significant decrease in PON1 activity, EMF, vitamin E concentration and a significant increase in MDA concentration at t + 1 d. After a 10 week vitamin E supplementation period, these exercise-induced changes in PON1 activity, EMF and MDA concentration were still significant in the control group, but not in the supplemented group. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation had a protective effect on submaximal exercise-induced oxidative damage in sedentary dogs.     

利用太阳能烘干蚕茧的初步研究

以稀土生态农用膜为光能接受和转化物,将光能中的紫外线等转化为远红外线从而可利用太阳能烘干蚕茧。采用该方法在蚕茧适干时的温度比传统的茧灶干茧法稍低,且外界温度的高低直接影响茧层内的温度高低,从而影响烘茧时间的长短。由于远红外线直接穿透茧层干燥蛹体,所以不损伤茧丝品质,干茧解舒率可提高4.46个百分点。     

NaCl胁迫对甜、爆、糯玉米幼苗生长及活性氧代谢的影响

以3种不同的特用玉米(沈糯6号、沈爆3号、沈甜6号)为试材,设置5个梯度的NaCl盐溶液(0、50、100、150、200mmol/L)进行盐胁迫处理,测定玉米幼苗的生长量、干物质积累量、质膜透性、活性氧代谢等的变化。结果表明,随着NaCl盐浓度的增加,植株生长量明显降低,单株鲜重、干重均明显降低,干物质积累减少,电导率不同程度地增大,丙二醛含量逐渐升高;超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率在各处理间差异显著,随着处理浓度的增大,O2-产生速率也显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在3个品种间变化不同;过氧化物酶活性(POD)在沈糯6号和沈甜6号间表现为逐渐上升,而沈爆3号先上升后下降;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在3个品种间均在150mmol/L时达到最大。从总体上看,耐盐能力相对较强的是沈糯6号,较弱的是沈甜6号。     

细胞膜质子泵在水稻耐铵机制中的作用机理探讨

 水稻是一种典型的耐铵植物。由于铵态氮营养条件会导致根系分泌大量的氢离子,对植物生长产生胁迫。因此,耐铵植物应具备耐酸的能力。细胞膜质子泵具有主动排出质子,调节细胞内外pH的功能。结合目前的研究结果,探讨了水稻根系细胞膜质子泵在铵态氮与低pH两个因素交叉作用下活性的变化及其调节机制,以阐明水稻耐铵的一个必要机制。上述结果对于丰富植物耐铵机制的研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

半定量RT-PCR法检测低磷胁迫下大豆根系质膜H~+-ATPase基因的表达

试验以大豆为材料,采用水培方法,以β-微管蛋白基因为内参基因,用半定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(se-mi RT-PCR法)检测在低磷胁迫下大豆根系质膜H+-ATPase基因表达量的变化,以期建立适于检测该基因表达的semi RT-PCR试验体系。结果表明:在低磷胁迫2 h时,与对照相比基因表达量有所增加,在4 h时相对表达量达到最大,6 h略有下降。这表明大豆根系质膜H+-ATPase基因表达量的增加可能与适应低磷胁迫的逆境有关,半定量RT-PCR法可以用来检测特定基因在不同条件下的表达量。     

等离子体处理茄子种子对产量及产值的效果分析

等离子体处理茄子种子的研究结果表明,等离子体处理的茄子种子,明显提高种子的发芽势、出苗率、出苗期干重、开花率、坐果率;促进坐果期和成熟期提前1～2 d;增产、增收效果显著。为该项技术的广泛应用,提供理论依据。     

玉米Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因ZmSOS1的克隆与鉴定

[目的]克隆玉米Na^＋／H^＋逆向转运蛋白基因,为研究此类基因在玉米非生物胁迫抗性机制中的功能奠定基础。[方法]采用电子克隆、RT—PCR、生物信息学方法,从玉米基因组中克隆1个质膜型Na^＋／H^＋逆向转运蛋白基因,并鉴定该基因编码产物的跨膜结构预测以及在盐胁迫下的表达模式等信息。[结果]利用电子克隆方法,从玉米中克隆出1个质膜型Na^＋／H^＋逆向转运蛋白基因ZmSOS1;Zm-SOS1基因的开放阅读框长3411bp,编码1136个氨基酸;序列分析表明,ZmSOS1蛋白与拟南芥和水稻同源物AtSOSl、OsSOS1的氨基酸序列一致性分别为61％和82％;RT—PCR分析表明,ZmSOS1基因的表达可以被盐胁迫诱导增强,表明其可能在玉米耐盐性上发挥功能。[结论]ZmSDS1是一个公认的质膜型Na^＋／A^＋逆向转运蛋白基因,并可能参与玉米的非生物胁迫反应。     

两优培九剑叶衰老过程光合膜功能及蛋白质复合物的变化

为探讨高产杂交稻两优培九在衰老过程中,剑叶光合膜蛋白质复合物的含量变化规律及其与光能吸收、转化、传递的关系,以大田栽培自然衰老剑叶为材料,利用活体叶绿素荧光动力学技术,并结合类囊体膜蛋白质复合物蓝绿温和胶电泳分析。结果表明,两优培九剑叶叶绿素含量、光合性能、类囊体膜蛋白稳定性等都在抽穗期达到顶峰,随后开始衰退,在扬花期、灌浆期尚保持较高水平,而进入籽粒成熟阶段衰退明显;随着衰老进程,光合膜蛋白质复合物有序非同步降解,稳定性为LHCII > PSIIcore > PSIcore > ATPase & Cyt b₆/f > LHCI;PSI和PSII蛋白和相应电子传递活性的稳定性及下降幅度差异较大;衰老过程叶绿素a/b的不断下降与相对于反应中心更稳定的捕光天线有关,剑叶生长后期LHCII维持高水平保持了叶片对光能的吸收,并可能在调节光系统间能量分布和协助过剩能量耗散中起重要作用。     

遮荫胁迫下外源一氧化氮对高羊茅的生理调控作用

用外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)处理遮荫胁迫下的2个高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)品种,探讨外源NO对遮荫胁迫下其叶绿素含量、膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸(Pro)含量的影响。结果表明:外源NO可以显著提高遮荫胁迫下高羊茅叶片的叶绿素含量(P<0.05),减弱质膜相对透性的增加,减缓膜质过氧化产物MDA含量的升高,促进Pro的积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性(P<0.05)。遮荫胁迫下高羊茅品种踏火二号的电解质渗透率、MDA含量、CAT活性和Pro含量的变化显著(P<0.05),NO的作用效果更明显。表明外源NO对遮荫胁迫下的高羊茅具有一定的保护作用,且存在品种差异。