Concentrations of ionized and total magnesium and calcium in healthy horses: effects of age, pregnancy, lactation, pH and sample type

Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are the main divalent cations in the body. The free ionized fraction is the physiologically active form of both Mg and Ca. As ion-selective-electrode (ISE) analyzers are becoming widely used in veterinary practice it will be useful to establish reference intervals for horses. In the present study, reference intervals were established for ionized, total and the ratio of the ionized to total Mg and Ca concentrations in four horse groups: adults, neonatal foals, and pregnant and lactating mares, as well as in three sample types, whole blood, plasma and serum, using an ISE-analyzer. Sample pH effect was assessed.Concentration differences in both total and ionized cations were recorded for some measures between horse groups and different sample types. The most significant differences were recorded between neonatal foals and other groups. These results demonstrate the need to use specific reference intervals for horses of different physiologic status and in specific sample types.     

中药制剂对肉鸡血浆SOD活性和MDA含量的影响

[目的]研究中药制剂对肉鸡腹水症的防治效果,并探讨中药制剂对肉鸡的抗氧化作用。[方法]将400只1周龄艾维茵商品代健康仔鸡随机分成4组,分别饲喂不同的日粮。通过饲喂高能量高蛋白饲料建立肉鸡腹水症动物模型,并采用中药制剂对肉鸡腹水症进行预防研究。[结果]与对照组相比,饲喂中药制剂消腹散组肉鸡血浆SOD活性明显升高(P0.01),MDA含量显著降低(P0.01),肉鸡腹水症的发病率极显著降低(P0.01)。[结论]中药制剂消腹散能显著地降低肉鸡腹水症的发病率,并具有提高SOD活性和清除MDA的作用。     

高温条件下湿度对肉仔鸡血浆生化指标的影响

本研究使用４－５周龄肉仔鸡２１６只随分成３组，每组６个复重，每个重复１２只，分别于三个环控舱中，温度均控制为３２℃，相对显度分别控制为３０％、６０％、９０％，另用同批全重相似的鸡２７只饲养在正常环境条件下，做为对照，试验为２周，定期采用血测定血浆生化指标。     

酶活性与黄瓜对霜霉病抗性的关系

研究了多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性与黄瓜对霜霉病抗性的关系。结果表明黄思苗在感病期间,不同品种叶片质膜透性的增大与这两种酶活性有密切关系,抗病性强的,质膜透性增幅增低,酶活性高;反之,抗病性弱的,质膜透性增效大酶活性低。     

Plasma ammonia concentration in dogs using ion-exchange method of analysis

Laboratory methods for measuring plasma ammonia concentration were reviewed. The ion-exchange method of analysis was evaluated using canine plasma from 15 clinically normal dogs and five dogs with portosystemic shunts. Mean and standard deviation was 40.3 +/- 8.1 microgram NH(3)/dl in normal dogs, and values ranged from 125 to 200 microgram NH(3)/dl in dogs with portosystemic shunts. Handling of blood samples properly for accurate results was found to require pre-chilled collection tubes, chilling the samples in an ice bath, immediate separation of plasma from red blood cells and immediate analysis for ammonia concentration. The ion exchange method was determined to be sufficiently accurate for clinical use and is suggested for any veterinary clinical pathology laboratory.     

Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus</Emphasis>) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

Healthy crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were treated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of crude cyanobacterial extracts at two doses, 50 and 200 μg MC-LR equiv kg⁻¹ BW. High mortality (100%) was observed within 60 h post injection in the high-dose group. In the treated fish, activities of four plasma enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), all showed substantial increases, with both dose and time-dependent effects. These increases of enzyme activity indicate severe impairment occurred in the liver of crucian carp over time. Plasma concentrations of energy-related biomolecules including glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and total protein (TP) showed marked changes in the high-dose group, possibly a nutritional imbalance correlated with the liver injury caused by intraperitoneal exposure to crude cyanobacterial extracts.     

玉米秸秆等离子体热裂解液化实

采用山东理工大学自制小型流化床设备,利用玉米秸秆为原料进行了热裂解过程及生物油特性的实验研究.结果表明采用等离子体加热,整个反应器的预热时间大约为1.5 h,且反应过程中流化床内温度稳定,有利于生物质快速热裂解反应的进行.对反应产物--生物油热值特性作了分析,得出未经任何处理的生物原油的热值为18 066.62 kJ/kg,脱炭后热值低于脱炭前的生物油热值,其差值为3 446.71 kJ/kg,说明生物油中含有一定的固体炭.将脱炭后的生物油进行脱水处理后,测得生物油热值高出脱碳后生物油热值一倍左右.另外,玉米秸秆进行稀硝酸处理后,虽然玉米秸秆的热值降低,但裂解后生物油的热值有所提高,其热值差为913.74 kJ/kg.采用GC-MS分析得知,生物油是一种复杂的含氧有机化合物和水组成的混合物,也是导致其不稳定的主要原因.     

干旱胁迫对甘蔗生理影响的研究

在大田干旱胁迫下，甘蔗叶片水分状况恶化，自由水含量和相对含水量降低，而束缚水含量提高。耐旱性弱的品种Ｃｏ６３０４和Ｙ．Ｔ．５７—４２３水分恶化严重，在７—８月和１０—１１月连续干旱３０和５０天后，高旱区分别达到中度胁迫或严重胁迫程度，而在同等胁迫条件下耐旱品种Ｇ．Ｔ．１１和ＮＣｏ３１０仅为轻度胁迫。研究还表明：干旱胁迫下，脂质过氧化作用加剧，质膜透性增加，耐旱性弱的品种变化尤为明显，因此可以利用膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量和质膜透性变化作为甘蔗耐旱的鉴定指标。最后本文还探讨了干旱胁迫下脯氨酸含量变化，认为可以利用其变化的相对值作为种质耐旱鉴定生理参数。     

不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)生长、体组成、血糖水平和肝脏糖酵解酶活力的影响

分别以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和糊化玉米淀粉为糖源配制成5种等氮等脂饲料,对初始体重为(31.24±0.58) g 的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)进行为期56 d 的饲养实验,比较不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹生长、体组成、血液指标和糖酵解酶活力的影响,筛选出最有利于生长的糖种类。结果显示,不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P<0.05),且随糖分子量增大有增大的趋势,其中,糊化玉米淀粉的 WG 和 SGR 最高分别为335.35%和2.62%/d;不同糖源组的脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)、肝糖原和肌糖原含量以及血糖、血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯也有显著性差异(P<0.05),且均为葡萄糖组最高;除己糖激酶(HK)活力外,各糖源组的其他糖酵解酶活力均有显著性差异(P<0.05),亦是葡萄糖组最高。在本实验条件下,卵形鲳鲹对淀粉类大分子糖的利用效果优于葡萄糖等小分子糖类,糊化玉米淀粉组的生长效果最好;不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹糖代谢过程中糖原合成、糖脂转化、糖酵解等途径的相关指标有一定影响。     

静脉灌注丙酸钠和乙酸钠对新生犊牛血糖及某些代谢激素含量的影响

三头装有暂时性颈静脉血管瘘的黑白花品种新生公犊,通过静脉灌注丙酸钠和乙酸钠溶液(1.0mol,PH7.4,37C)50ml,观察灌注前后血浆葡萄糖及某些代谢激素含量的变化。结果表明:灌注丙酸钠15分钟后,血糖和血浆胰岛素浓度明显升高;皮质醇含量有升高趋势而甲状腺素呈下降趋势,但差异不明显;三碘甲腺原氨酸则一直在基础水平上下波动。灌注乙酸钠对血糖和上述激素浓度均无显著的规律性影响。说明乙酸钠和丙酸钠在新生犊牛体内表现了不同的营养和代谢作用。