Wnt/β-catenin信号通路上游基因在山羊绒周期性再生及着色过程中的表达分析

为初步探究Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是否参与山羊绒周期性再生及着色过程,本试验采用实时荧光定量技术对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路上游基因β-catenin、Lef1/Tcf3及该通路拮抗基因Dkk1mRNA在白色绒山羊绒毛生长不同时期及黑、白色绒山羊绒毛生长旺盛期时体侧部皮肤组织中的相对表达量进行研究。结果显示,上述通路中β-catenin、Lef1/Tcf3基因mRNA在白色绒山羊不同时期体侧部皮肤组织中的相对表达量具有明显变化规律即生长前期缓慢上调,旺盛期时表达量最高,生长后期及退行期逐渐下调,休止期表达量最低;Dkk1基因mRNA在白色绒山羊不同时期体侧部皮肤组织中的相对表达量则无明显规律性。上述各基因mRNA在黑、白色绒山羊生长旺盛期时体侧部皮肤组织中的相对表达量并无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与山羊绒周期性再生过程,但该通路并不涉及生长旺盛期时绒毛的着色过程。     

基于遥感指数的草原火后植被恢复研究

草原火是草原生态系统重要的干扰因子,严重影响着系统的结构与功能。基于遥感数据,以2015年“4·16”特大草原火灾为例,利用ENVI和ArcGIS等软件,分别对NDVI和GPP指数及火烧严重度下的植被恢复过程进行定量分析。结果表明,基于NDVI和GPP指数的火后植被恢复过程表现相似,不同年份植被恢复情况存在一定差异。火灾发生当年（2015年）火烧迹地植被恢复状况高于未发生火灾区域,而在火后第1年（2016年）却又稍低于未发生火灾区域,直到火后第2年（2017年）,火烧迹地植被基本恢复到火前状态。同时,不同火烧严重度下的植被恢复过程在存在明显差异。草原火灾发生后当年（2015年）,中强度火烧下植被恢复最好,其次是轻度,重度表现最差。草原火烧严重度对植被恢复的影响,主要表现在火后第1个植被生长季。在之后的年份里,由于草原更新能力强大,不同火烧严重度对草原植被的影响不明显。本研究可丰富草原火灾及火烧迹地植被恢复等相关研究成果,同时为草原火灾管理和草原生态系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。     

人工合成甘蓝型油菜高频率再生研究初报

资源材料保存在作物遗传资源的研究与利用中起到非常重要的作用。该实验以不同来源的人工合成甘蓝型油菜KH106，KH109，KH111D为材料，以花序轴，子房，果柄为外植体研究其再生情况，结果表明，由芥蓝和小白菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH106的再生频率极显著高于由羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH109和KH111；与花序轴和子房为外植体再生频率相比，以果柄为外植体平均再生频率最高，差异达到极显著水平；利用不同预处理培养基处理不同时间，结果显示不经过预处理直接接种到分化培养基上再生频率最高。     

大兴安岭火烧迹地主要目的树种的天然更新

对不同火烧方式、火烧强度、林分组成、坡向、坡位、郁闭度、土壤厚度、下木盖度、地被物盖度、林龄等条件下的样地的天然更新情况进行了调查。结果表明:地表火火烧迹地的天然更新效果好于树冠火火烧迹地;中度火烧迹地好于重度火烧迹地;发生火烧的林分比未发生火烧的林分天然更新效果好。     

软枣猕猴桃‘奇异莓6号’离体再生技术

以软枣猕猴桃无芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养,具有成本低、取材方便、材料充足等优点,但以往的研究表明无芽茎段诱导再生率低。本试验以‘奇异莓6号’软枣猕猴桃无芽茎段为外植体,探究不同植物生长调节剂、光照强度、温度、苗龄对不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明：最佳外植体为苗龄30d的无芽茎段,在光照12h/d(光照强度50LX)、室温20℃下,不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2mg/L ZT,不定芽以间接途径发生,培养40d无芽茎段两端开始形成淡绿色愈伤组织,培养45d愈伤组织表面出现红色小点,开始形成不定芽,培养55d愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织分化率及不定芽数均到最大,分别为100%、100%及18.87个/块。待苗长至3cm左右时转到MS+0.4mg/L ^IBA中进行生根培养,培养30d生根率可达100%、根数为8.53/株、根长1.68cm、根粗0.14cm。     

海南甘薯主栽品种再生体系的优化

本研究以海南甘薯主栽品种‘心香’、‘广薯87’、‘川山紫’、‘宁紫薯1号’、‘薯绿一号’、‘高系14’和‘三角宁’为材料,从外植体的选择、不同消毒方案、培养基配方和防褐化剂筛选等方面进行研究,建立一套适合热带地区甘薯主栽品种的脱毒快繁优化再生体系。结果表明：侧芽增殖率与存活率最高;在不同的外植体消毒处理中,依次用75%酒精消毒60 s,2% NaClO消毒15 min,以及0.1% HgCl₂消毒15 min的污染率最低;最佳的生根培养基配方为：MS+0.05 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA₃;茎长生长最快的培养基配方为：MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA₃;干重增长最快的培养基配方为：MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA₃;在培养基中加入5~6 g/L硫代硫酸钠和1.25 g/L聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能有效地抑制外植体的褐变。     

大红甜橙遗传转化高效再生体系的建立

以大红甜橙的实生苗为试材,研究6-BA与IAA的不同浓度组合和Km不同浓度对大红甜橙不同外植体离体再生的影响和IBA的不同浓度对不定芽生根的影响,建立了高效的大红甜橙遗传转化再生体系.该体系的最佳条件是:1)以实生苗上胚轴为外植体.2)以MS无机盐 100mg/L肌醇 0.2mg/LV-B1 1mg/LV-B6 1mg/L烟酸 3%蔗糖 0.8%琼脂(pH5.8) 3mg/L6-BA为不定芽诱导培养基,在26℃黑暗条件下培养7d后,转移至光/暗周期16/8h的条件下诱导不定芽的分化(40d分化率达90%).以1/2MS 3%蔗糖 0.7%琼脂 2.0mg/LIBA为不定芽的生根培养基(40d生根率达94.7%).3)筛选遗传转化转化体的Km质量浓度为50mg/L.     

Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.     

茄子的组织培养和植株再生体系研究

以2个茄子品种：红茄和紫长茄的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对外植体分化的影响和不同品种、不同外植体的分化能力差异,并建立了茄子的高频率离体再生体系。结果表明：培养基MS＋2,4-D 1.0 mg/L＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L诱导愈伤组织效果最好;诱导不定芽方面,培养基MS＋4-PU 0.1 mg/L诱导效果最好;1/2MS培养基较MS培养基更适合植株生根。