辣椒子叶离体培养再生植株

随着收集到的８个商品辣椒品种的子叶外植体在ＰＤ培养基上形成芽丛，转移到ＰＥ培养基上伸长为具２－３个节的茎芽，茎芽在ＰＲ培养基上生根，得到了再生植株。芽分化率达１００％，移栽成活率１００％。多植体切除芽后回到ＰＤ培养基上的反复操作可重复诱导芽的分化，提高繁殖系数。     

种植密度与施钾量对烤烟品质的影响

研究了种植密度和施钾量对烤烟烟叶中部分品质指标的影响。结果显示,在247.5-341.25 kg/hm^2的钾肥施用量范围内,各部位烟叶的钾、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质含量随施钾量的增加而增加,而还原糖、总糖含量则相应减少,烟叶的化学成分比例趋于合理。但钾肥施用量达到390 kg/hm^2后,烟叶的品质稍有下降。随种植密度的提高,各部位烟叶的含钾量、还原糖、总糖含量增加,而总氮、烟碱、蛋白质含量则相应降低,烟叶的化学成分趋于协调。烤烟种植密度行株距为1.1 m×0.5 m,钾肥施用量为292.5-341.25 kg/hm^2对提高烤烟烟叶的品质最为有利。     

芝麻新品种郑芝97C01综合表现及栽培技术研究

对郑芝97C01综合分析结果表明,郑芝97C01是一个高产、稳产、优质、多抗的芝麻新品种,一般生育期90d左右,单产1200kg/hm2以上,脂肪含量56.1%,蛋白质含量19.72%,茎点枯病病情指数2.16,枯萎病病情指数1.63,并提出相关的高产栽培技术。     

利用激素诱导水稻单性生殖的研究

试验结果表明，利用植物激素能有效的诱导出杂交水稻第一代（F1）单性生殖种子。诱导时宜在早造杀雄后3－4d，采用6－BA（50mg/L)或NAA（25mg/L) 2,4-D(25mg/L)作诱导剂可提高诱导效果，增加单性生殖种子的结实率。     

紧凑型玉米株型及生理特性研究

紧凑型玉米各叶片长度在茎杆上的空间分布呈近似纺锤型,叶角度较平展型小,叶向值也大,其受光姿态优于平展型.紧凑型米玉对CO_2同化强度、根系吸收强度比平展型大;硝酸还原酶活性比平展型高.紧凑型玉米具有体内氮素代谢旺盛,后期不早衰,籽粒灌浆快,粒重高,单株生产力大和适宜密植等优点.选育和推广高光效紧凑型玉米杂交种是今后玉米高产的主要途径.     

基因组原位杂交技术在植物研究中的应用

基因组原位杂交是以亲本之一的总基因组DNA做探针,另一亲本的基因组DNA做封阻,在荧光原位杂交技术的基础上发展起来的一种染色体/染色质检测技术。在其发展的十几年里,已在植物的基因组研究中发挥了重要的作用。应用这一技术可对多倍体中基因组之间的亲缘关系、基因组组成及起源进行研究;对杂交种中染色体组的组成进行分析;对代换系、附加系和易位系进行有效的鉴定,并对其中的外源染色体或染色体片段的来源、大小、数目及发生位点进行检测和定位。此外,利用基因组原位杂交技术还有助于确定物种间的同源性;研究杂交种中来源不同的染色质在核中的分布;探索B染色体的起源、染色体间的配对、重组、交换等现象。随着基因组荧光原位杂交技术体系的不断发展、完善和改进,其应用范围不断拓展,在植物基因组研究领域中发挥了越来越重要的作用。     

应用半矮生基因sd－1选育矮秆大库容量水稻新品系研究

用大穗高秆品种Ａｋｅｎｏｈｏｓｈｉ与半矮生粳型系统ＳＣ－ＴＮ１杂交后代Ｆ５的６个品系及其亲本为材料，比较分析了品系与亲本遗传性状的表现及其联系。结果表明，通过改善ｓｄ－１基因的遗传背景，使半矮生性及优良株型的特性与大库容量相结合是可能的，能够从中培育出有更高产量潜力的新品系     

植物低温诱导蛋白和诱导基因研究新进展

本文就近年来植物低温诱导蛋白和低温诱导基因的研究进展进行了概述，同时探讨了低温诱导蛋白和低温诱导基因与植物抗寒能力之间的关系。     

The critical N dilution curve for linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is different from other C3 species

The objective was to determine the critical N dilution curve of linseed, which is the minimal total N concentration in shoots necessary to produce the maximal shoot dry matter, and to explain possible differences with other C3 species. One main experiment was carried out in 1998/1999 on winter linseed with four levels of fertilizer N. Two plant densities were also studied, the recommended one (600 seeds m⁻²) and the minimum for canopy closure (150 seeds m⁻²), in order to investigate the stability with plant density of the critical N dilution curve. Shoot dry weights (W_S) and shoot N contents expressed in percentage (N_S) were measured for the determination of the critical dilution curve, along with organ N percentages and relative weights. The results of four other experiments were used to validate the critical N dilution curve. Three of these four trials were conducted on winter linseed (one in 1996/1997 and two in 1997/1998) with five levels of fertilizer N, and one on spring linseed in 1999 with six levels of fertilizer N.

The critical N dilution curve of linseed was different from those of other C3 species. The curve was steeper, indicating a greater decrease in the critical shoot N concentration (N_SC) as the critical shoot dry weight (W_SC) increased. This linseed curve determined with the data of the main experiment was relevant when compared to the data of the four other experiments. Organ weight ratios and N concentration of organs were investigated in a fertilizer N treatment resulting in N_S close to the critical N values, N_SC. In this treatment, the decrease in N_S was the result of both a decrease in the N percentage of all organs and a decrease in the leaf weight ratio. The difference between linseed and other C3 species was mainly due to an acceleration of the dilution of N when leaf emission stopped and the flower bud emission began. At this stage of development, the leaf weight ratio of linseed was less than that of wheat, resulting in lower N_S. For a given W_S, no significant differences in N_S, organ N percentages nor organ weight ratios were observed between the two plant densities. This indicates that the difference between linseed and other C3 species could not result from very high plant densities in linseed. Hence, it is concluded that the linseed N accumulation in shoot is different from other C3 species.     

Plant secondary metabolites, biphenyl, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin effects on aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl removal and microbial community structure in soils

Biphenyl and several plant secondary metabolites (PSM) (carvone, isoprene, limonene, naringin, and coumarin) and surfactant (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, (HP-β-CD)) have been shown to improve aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) removal by several bacterial species. The objective of this study was to determine whether these treatments also affect PCB removal and microbial community structure in a high organic matter soil (Pahokee soil series with 67% organic matter) and low organic matter soil (Woolper soil series with 6% organic matter), as determined by monitoring changes in PCB levels and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles in laboratory microcosms amended with these compounds. Biphenyl enhanced di-chlorinated and tri-chlorinated biphenyl removal in both soils, but PSM did not improve removal of these congeners. On the contrary, HP-β-CD decreased PCB removal when used in combination with biphenyl. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that HP-β-CD significantly increased tetra- and penta-chlorinated biphenyl removal from the high organic matter soil, but not from the low organic matter soil. Principal components analysis of PLFA data indicated that HP-β-CD increased proportions of 18:1ω7c associated with Gram-negative bacteria, but decreased 10me16 and 10me17 lipid associated with Gram-positive bacteria, while biphenyl and PSMs had no detectable effects on soil microbial communities. PCB removal was not correlated to any PLFA. In conclusion, PSM previously shown to enhance PCB removal in soil-free systems were not effective in two divergent soils evaluated in this study, and HP-β-CB had increase, decrease, or no effect on PCB removal depending on types of PCB congeners, soils, and co-amendments.