植物根际促生菌作用机制的研究进展

常年施用化肥会对土壤、大气以及水体等产生有害影响,不符合我国农业发展的绿色环保理念。植物根际促生菌（Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria,PGPR）广泛生存在植物根际,是具有生防并起促生作用的有益微生物菌群,对作物生长发挥重要作用,正逐步成为目前的研究热点。本文回顾了PGPR促进植物生长的机制,包括直接促进植物生长作用及间接控制病原菌作用。同时,综述了PGPR菌剂的应用状况。最后,对PGPR的研究重点进行了展望,以期为PGPR生物肥料的研发与应用提供理论支持。     

龙南遗址红烧土植物蛋白石分析

龙南遗址红烧土植物蛋白石分析郑云飞，游修龄，徐建民，边其均（浙江农业大学，杭州３１００２９）ＰｌａｎｔＯｐａｌＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＬｏｎｇｎａｎＮｅｏｌｉｔｈｉｃＳｉｔｅ￥ＺＨＡＮＧＹｕｎｆｅｉ；ＹｏｕＹｉｕｌｉｎｇ；ＸｕＪｉａｎｍｉｎ；ＢＩＡＮＱｉ...     

赣南地区杜鹃属植物资源及其保护利用

摘要：通过查阅文献资料结合实地调查研究,对赣南地区杜鹃属野生植物资源分布进行了统计分析。赣南地区杜鹃属植物共有32种（不包括种下等级）,隶属于映山红亚属、马银花亚属、常绿杜鹃亚属和羊踯躅亚属。根据生活型,赣南地区杜鹃属植物可分为灌木型和灌木与乔木兼有型;从垂直分布来看,赣南地区200~2000m海拔内均有杜鹃属植物分布,其中以500~1200m海拔高度种数最多;从水平分布来看,赣南地区各县市均有杜鹃属植物资源分布,主要集中在赣南地区的西南部和东部;从观赏和药用两个方面探讨了杜鹃属植物资源的价值,并提出杜鹃植物资源在赣南地区的合理保护利用措施。     

Inhibition of protease activities in discus Symphysodon spp. by three plant meals

Based on biochemical assays and electrophoretical methods, the inhibitory effects of three plant meals (soybean meal, wheat meal, winged bean meal) on digestive alkaline proteases of discus were investigated. Casein assays revealed that increasing levels of soybean meal caused a linear inhibitory effect on activity of protease. SDS-PAGE images revealed that trypsin and chymotrypsin were the inhibited enzymes. Soybean showed the lowest inhibition rate followed by wheat meal and raw winged bean. There was a quadratic relationship between wheat meal levels and its inhibition of protease acitivity. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained with the winged bean meal with inhibition of caseinolytic activities ranging from 3.6–98.6%. Results from this study showed the potential of both soybean meal and wheat meal as ingredients for practical diet for discus, while demonstrating the need for further improvement in processing method for winged bean meal.     

Microbial Composition before and after Conservation of Grass-Dominated Haylage Harvested Early,Middle, and Late in the Season

Haylage for horses is often harvested in late plant maturity, which could be associated with an increased risk of impaired hygienic quality in the forage and short aerobic storage stability after bale opening, but knowledge in this area is scant. An experiment was conducted in which the microbial composition was analyzed before and after conservation of primary growth haylage harvested early (June), middle (July), and late (August) in the season during 1 year. The counts of yeast, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in preconserved herbage increased with the advancing harvest time (P ≤ .02). After conservation, the August haylage had increased counts of enterobacteria (log 4.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) and LAB (log 6.5 CFU/g), compared with the June and July haylage (log ≤1.7 CFU/g for enterobacteria and ≤5.7 CFU/g for LAB, P < .001). The yeast counts were the lowest in the June haylage (log 5.0 CFU/g) compared with the July and August haylage (log ≥6.3 CFU/g, P < .001). After conservation, the mold counts were lower in the June haylage and greater in the August haylage (P = .01). In the preconserved herbage, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the most common mold species in June but Fusarium poae was in July, and Mucor fragilis in August. After conservation, Penicillium carneum was the only species found in the June haylage, with M. circinelloides most frequently found in the July haylage and M. hiemalis and M. circinelloides found at similar frequencies in the August haylage. An advanced harvest time resulted in greater counts of enterobacteria, yeast, and LAB and an increased number of mold species in the conserved haylage. The aerobic storage stability of the opened haylage bales measured by temperature was similar among the harvests.     

云南省极小种群野生植物保护的优先度分析

我国于1997～2003年完成第1次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查后,为加强珍稀濒危和重点保护野生植物的保护,提出了“极小种群野生植物”的概念。随着极小种群野生植物概念和保护方法的完善,保护行动取得了显著进展,并陆续提出了各种不同的极小种群野生植物名录。本文在总结2005～2013年间云南省和国家林业局提出的所有极小种群野生植物名录基础上,分析了各极小种群野生植物名录的起源和关系,并对保护名录中的物种进行逐个比较。最后,结合国家和省的保护需求,将云南省77种极小种群野生植物分成5级,按优先度实施保护行动：第一批优先保护10个物种,第二批优先保护13个物种,第三批保护15个物种,第四批保护10个物种,第五批保护29个物种,为云南省极小种群野生植物保护提供了指导和参考。     

西葫芦双单倍体自交一代离体再生研究

以西葫芦DH12-11409双单倍体植株自交后代种子为试材,研究不同激素组合、外植体类型和苗龄对诱导西葫芦不定芽再生以及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,取5d龄西葫芦双单倍体黄绿色子叶的子叶节为外植体,在MS+30g/L Suc+8g/L Agar+2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA培养基上诱导不定芽效果最好,诱导率高达90.0%,分化系数为8.5;生根培养基则以MS培养基中添加0.05或0.1mg/L NAA为宜;5~6片真叶再生植株经驯化移栽成活率高达90.0%,为再生植株驯化移栽的最佳时期。     

小麦株高相关性状的QTL分析

为探索小麦株高及其相关构成性状的遗传基础,以小麦品系"0911-46"与品系"42"杂交获得的F2及其衍生F2∶3群体为材料,应用SSR标记构建连锁图谱,在杨凌和乾县2种环境条件下对株高、穗下节长、基部第Ⅰ节长、基部第Ⅱ节长进行QTL定位研究。结果表明:所构建的连锁遗传图谱覆盖小麦全基因组的1 423.54cM,标记间的平均遗传距离为8.09cM。共检测到47个QTLs,涉及小麦1A、1D、2A、2B、2D、3A、4B、4D、5A、5B、5D、6B、6D、7A、7B、7D染色体。其中,有16个株高QTL,15个穗下节长QTL,8个基部第Ⅰ节长QTL,8个基部第Ⅱ节长QTL,单个QTL可解释0.29%~63.42%的表型变异。4D染色体上Xwmc473-Xwmc285标记区间内距Xwmc473标记2.07cM处,在F2和F2∶3的2种环境中都能检测到株高QTL,表现出世代间和环境稳定性。此外,在该标记区间还能同时检测到分别控制株高、穗下节长、基部第Ⅰ节长、基部第Ⅱ节长的QTL,表明这一标记区间是一个株高及其构成性状QTL富集区。     

广州珠江公园植物景观空间分析

文章对整个公园植物空间布局情况以及公园内园林植物所形成的开敞空间、半开敞空间、覆盖空间和垂直空间4种景观空间的造景特点、植物构成进行分析。尝试摆脱以园林植物为审美主体的静态观赏模式,提出园林植物应从装饰性的栽植配角转变为景观空间营造的主角,即营造舒适自然环境和游憩境域,才能达到园林营建的真正目的。     

南宁市青秀湖公园植物造景调查与分析

通过对南宁市青秀湖公园的实地调查及各种相关文献资料的分析研究,基于此公园功能分区及景观节点,对入口区、竹园区、滨水休闲区、静憩养生区、文化活动区等区域的绿地植物景观群落的色彩、造型、常用搭配等方面进行分析并总结其造景特色,剖析存在问题并提出相应改进措施,为南宁市公园绿地植物景观建设和发展提供参考。