喷施艾氟迪与缩节胺对棉花生育性状的影响

通过大田试验研究了2种不同的植物生长调节剂（艾氟迪和缩节胺）对棉花生长发育和产量的影响效应。结果表明：艾氟迪作为一种新型的棉花花芽分化促进荆,对棉花的增产效果要好于缩节胺,在棉花初花期、盛花期分别喷施艾氟迪可促使蕾铃增多、延长现蕾时间、促进蕾铃发育、减少蕾铃脱落,增产效果显著。     

不同淹水梯度对紫穗槐的营养生长和生理响应

通过对紫穗槐幼苗不同梯度淹水处理的研究,发现紫穗槐在短期内能通过不同的不定根生长方式和特化通气组织来适应不同淹水环境,各处理营养生长无明显差异,半淹不定根分枝发达,近全淹不定根数目最多;淹水能降低叶绿素含量和光合速率,并与正常间有显著差异(P<0.05),影响表面和半淹光合数率降低的主要因素是气孔导度降低,影响近全淹是胞间CO₂浓度升高;表面淹对根活性影响不显著,虽半淹、近全淹与正常相比根活性分别下降了58%和51%,紫穗槐能通过增加不定根来补充根活性的不足;并且淹水胁迫下紫穗槐能积累可溶性糖和脯氨酸来适应环境,并以此来保护脂膜,这也可能是丙二醛含量无明显差异的原因,其中半淹可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量最高,平均分别为22.43 mmol/L和570 μg/g,与正常间有显著差异(P<0.05)。因此紫穗槐具有强的抗涝能力,能适应不同淹水程度。     

基于电容式湿度传感器的植物粉料含水率测量

提出了一种基于电容式湿度传感器的植物粉料含水率测量方法。由电容式湿度传感器和数据采集卡组成的测量系统获取植物粉料含水率数据,应用一阶差分法剔除奇异值后,通过惯性滤波法处理数据。由菊花粉含水率的13个测量值与烘干法测得的真值对比试验结果可知,测量值与真值之间的最大相对误差为1.61%,平均相对误差为0.76%,均小于5%(测量样品数为5时置信区间为95%),表明该方法能够用于测量低水分植物粉料的含水率。     

基于模糊最优小波包的植物胁迫因子识别

为了正确地识别植物常见的胁迫种类,以采集的正常状态和7种胁迫下的植物电信号为样本,结合小波包分解提取特征值能力强的优点,应用模糊准则来优化小波包分解,提取植物电信号中的最优小波包基能量值构成特征集,应用更适合处理模糊的、非线性信号的BP神经网络作为分类器,以实现对不同逆境因子类型的识别.首先利用小波包对采集的植物电信号进行降噪预处理,然后列举了样本经基于模糊准则的小波包处理后各小波包基上的能量样本值,绘制了特征分布图,最后通过对芦荟、碧玉、虎皮兰和蟹爪兰4种植物所处7种胁迫的判断,以统计特征值作为对照,采用所提方法胁迫平均识别率达到95.95％,验证了此方法的准确性和可行性.     

Large scale in vitro propagation of Stevia rebaudiana (bert) for commercial application: Pharmaceutically important and antidiabetic medicinal herb

Stevia rebaudiana is a valuable medicinal plant species and it is being used for the treatment of diabetes. Currently, there is a high demand for raw material of this medicinal herb due to ever increasing diabetes disorder among the population. In order to meet the increased demand an efficient in vitro propagation of S. rebaudiana was established. Nodal explants collected from the field were cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and KIN (0.5-3.0 mg/l) individually for shoot bud induction. In vitro derived nodal buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/l) of BAP and KIN for multiple shoot bud regeneration. In the second experiment, in vitro derived buds were placed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) in combination with 0.5 mg/l IAA or IBA or NAA for shoot bud multiplication. The highest frequency (94.50%) of multiple shoot regeneration with maximum number of shoots (15.69 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. For large scale plant production, in vitro derived nodal bud explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP, in which about 123 shoots/explant were obtained after three subcultures on the same media composition. Elongated shoots (>2 cm) dissected out from the in vitro proliferated shoot clumps were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA (0.1-0.5 mg/l) and/or MS medium fortified with various concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg/l) of auxins (NAA, IAA and IBA) for root induction. Highest frequency of rooting (96%) was noticed on half-strength MS medium augmented with 0.4 mg/l NAA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing sand and soil in the ratio of 1:2 and subsequently established in the greenhouse. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid and large-scale production of this important antidiabetic medicinal plant.     

An improved and efficient micropropagation of Eclipta alba through transverse thin cell layer culture and assessment of clonal fidelity using RAPD analysis

An improved and efficient in vitro regeneration system has been developed for Eclipta alba, a medicinally important plant, through transverse thin cell layer culture (tTCL). The transverse section of the nodal segment of field grown plants was used as tTCL explants for plant regeneration. Shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants was influenced by BAP and their interaction with Kin or NAA. MS medium containing 13.2 μM BAP and 4.6 μM Kin was most effective for shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants. Upon this medium, percent response for shoot proliferation was 100% with an average of 32.6 shoot buds per tTCL nodal explant. Regenerated shoots from tTCL nodal explants were rooted on the growth regulator free MS medium. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil with a survival frequency of 90-100%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants. RAPD profile analysis indicated that micropropagated plants were genetically similar to mother plant.     

菠萝茎叶还田对土壤理化特性及下茬菠萝生长的调控效应

在大田条件下研究菠萝茎叶粉碎后直接还田(简称茎叶还田)对土壤理化特性以及下茬菠萝植株生长等的影响.结果表明,茎叶还田后土壤容重显著降低;土壤有机质、有效P、速效K含量等较对照有不同程度的提高,但土壤有效N含量降低.土壤中的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶以及转化酶活性增强,其中酸性磷酸酶和转化酶显著提高.菠萝茎叶还田后土壤中的细菌、放线菌数量增多,真菌数量减少.菠萝茎叶还田促进了下茬菠萝植株生长,株高、叶长、叶宽、青叶数、根条数、根长以及地上部和地下部鲜质量等指标都高于对照.茎叶还田提高了下茬菠萝叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量,植株根系活力增强.茎叶还田后菠萝果实纵、横径增加,单果重、产量提高.     

桉树造林再造林群落植物多样性的变化

以广西钦州市桉树造林(第1代)和再造林(第2代)群落为研究对象,以当地15～20a马尾松群落作对照,于2006-2009年开展林下植物多样性研究.结果表明:经9 a的恢复后,按树林群落木本、藤本和草本植物的物种数分别为50、17～19种和26～28种,马尾松林群落的木本、藤本和草本植物的物种数依次为34～48、13～2...     

沿黄河下游湿地不同土地利用方式植物多样性

以沿黄河下游湿地林下草本,滩地中的花生地、玉米地,水稻田及湖滨湿地为研究对象,以样方法调查各利用方式下的植物群落,分析各个利用方式下的物种组成、优势种变化、植物多样性及群落物种相似度.结果表明,不同利用方式下的湿地由85个植物物种组成,分别隶属于26科66属,其中林地物种数最丰富,湖滨湿地次之;不同利用方式下除花生地与...     

不同时期的断根和促根处理对红花木莲(Manglietia insignis)大苗移栽成活的影响

通过不同时期对红花木莲大苗的断根处理,以促进其须根生成,在第2年的5月份时对断根的红花木莲进行移栽,并对移栽后的植株成活及生长情况进行观察,结果表明:6～8月份是红花木莲断根最佳时期,而最迟断根不应晚于9月份,断根后的次年5月份可出圃栽植,移栽后成活情况较好.