Effects of planting density on the productivity and water use of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones: I. Measurement of water use in young tea using sap flow meters with a stem heat balance method

Sap flow meters based on the stem heat balance method were used to measure the mass flow rates or water use in young potted tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants of clones AHP S15/10 and BBK35. The meters were constructed on site and installed onto the stem or branch sections of field growing plants in an experiment originally designed to study the effects of plant population density and drought on the productivity and water use of young tea clones. The objective of the study was to use the SHB method as a first attempt to use sap flow meters for determining the water use of young tea growing in the field under well watered conditions in Tanzania. The results are reported and recommendation made for further work on using the technique.     

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.     

Evaluation of the RZWQM-CERES-Maize hybrid model for maize production

The root zone water quality model (RZWQM) was developed primarily for water quality research with a generic plant growth module primarily serving as a sink for plant nitrogen and water uptake. In this study, we coupled the CERES-Maize Version 3.5 crop growth model with RZWQM to provide RZWQM users with the option for selecting a more comprehensive plant growth model. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CERES with daily soil water and nitrogen contents, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, in addition to daily weather data. CERES-Maize supplied RZWQM with daily water and nitrogen uptake, and other plant growth variables (e.g., root distribution and leaf area index). The RZWQM-CERES hybrid model was evaluated with two well-documented experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Version 3.5, which had various nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Simulation results were compared to the original DSSAT-CERES-Maize model. Both models used the same plant cultivar coefficients and the same soil parameters as distributed with DSSAT Version 3.5. The hybrid model provided similar maize prediction in terms of yield, biomass and leaf area index, as the DSSAT-CERES model when the same soil and crop parameters were used. No overall differences were found between the two models based on the paired t test, suggesting successful coupling of the two models. The hybrid model offers RZWQM users access to a rigorous new plant growth model and provides CERES-Maize users with a tool to address soil and water quality issues under different cropping systems.     

非充分灌溉条件下水稻根系生长发育特征研究

以广西桂林站水稻非充分灌溉试验的实测资料为基础，分析比较了不同稻田水分条件下水稻根系的形态、类型、根系数量及分布特点，同时，对非充分灌溉条件下水稻根系的生长发育特征及其对产量影响的机理进行了初步研究。其结果对指导有效、省水的稻田灌溉具有重要意义。     

RH植物液肥在茶苗上的应用效果

采用RH植物液肥800倍进行苗圃对比试验,结果表明：对茎粗、株高等性状有显著作用,茶苗生长较为健壮。     

极小种群植物“川柿”生物学特性及种子萌发方法研究

摘 要：【目的】为了保护和发展极小种群植物川柿,开展此研究。【方法】采用观测法,连续3年对其生物学特性研究;种子萌发方法：（1）后熟0、30、45、60天,剥离清洗播种;（2）后熟60天,以GA300、600、1000 mg/L溶液浸种1h;播种基质为河沙（保持一定湿度）,放置室内,统计萌发时间和出苗率。【结果】（1）川柿花期4-5月,10月为果熟期,单果直径32.7±5.80mm,单果重23.0±5.30g;种子肾形、千粒重1070g;成年植株呈隔年开花、结果现象;（2）种子经“后熟+河沙播种”,可萌发,其中以后熟60天的出苗率较高,为65%;直接播种种子,出苗率5%;“后熟+GA溶液浸种+河沙播种”,出苗率均高于65%,其中以GA600mg/L浸泡1h处理,出苗率最高为83.3%。【结论】极小种群植物川柿为常绿叶乔木,有隔年开花、结果现象; “果后熟60天+GA600mg/L浸泡种子1h +室内河沙播种”可提高种子萌发率,为川柿种子繁殖提供参考。     

植保无人飞机喷施叶面肥作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

为探究植保无人飞机（大疆T30）作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。本文利用3个因素（作业高度、作业速度、亩用液量）,3因子的正交实验,进行植保无人飞机喷洒枇杷树的喷雾试验。试验结果表明：从雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率和雾滴穿透性等因素来看,植保无人飞机对枇杷树的最佳作业参数为：作业高度2.0m、作业速度4.5m·s-1、亩用液量2.0L。对雾滴穿透冠层的影响最大的因素是工作高度;在1.5m的作业高度下雾滴沉积穿透性最佳。本研究对指导植保无人飞机枇杷树精准喷施叶面肥具有重要意义。     

环剥与不同环割方法对糯米糍荔枝增产效应的研究

对糯米糍荔枝进行螺旋环剥与不同方法环割研究螺旋环剥与不同的环割方法对糍米糯荔枝冬梢的控制促花、保果增产效应的影响。研究结果表明螺旋环剥和不同环割方法在控稍促花方面能有效的控制糯米糍荔枝冬梢的萌发与促进花和花穗的生成;在保果增产方面,螺旋环剥、环割2处与同株50%主干枝条环割2处都能增加糯米糍荔枝的果穗枝条数与株产量,但环割1处反而降低了糯米糍荔枝的果穗枝条数与株产量。     

菊芋块茎发育期凝集素基因的鉴定和表达分析

凝集素是生物中普遍存在的一类糖结合蛋白,通过特异识别不同糖基而介导多种生物过程.本研究以'南菊芋1号'为研究材料,克隆并鉴定了12个凝集素基因.利用生物信息学分析这些基因编码蛋白的性质表明:等电点为4.96～5.23,偏酸性;依据其特异性糖基结合域归为三类:8个属于木菠萝家族(JRL),2个属于雪花莲家族(GNA),2...     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因植物表达载体的构建

为进一步开展转基因研究创造条件,用限制性内切酶将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)基因从pMD/GO载体上切下,定向连接到植物表达载体pROKⅡ的CaMV35S启动子下游和NOS终止子上游,成功地构建了GOD基因植物表达载体pROK/GO。利用冻融法将此表达载体导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,提取转化质粒,经PCR和酶切鉴定表明,GOD基因植物表达双元载体构建成功。