褶皱臂尾轮虫土池低盐度培育及其脂肪酸营养评价

2003年4～5月利用低盐度(12)河口水在上海崇明进行了轮虫土池培育实验,并对其脂肪酸营养进行了分析和评价。经过33d培养,结果表明,(1)只要管理得当,低盐度、自然水温(平均水温为18.2℃)条件,土池培育轮虫可以实现持续稳定供应,采收时间、每日采收量和亩总产量分别达到28～29d、9.2kg/667m2·d和259kg/667m2,最高密度可达45个/ml;(2)敌害生物和饵料条件是土池培育轮虫持续稳产的关键因素;(3)土池培育轮虫EPA、DHA、AA等HUFA含量高于酵母和微绿球藻培育的轮虫,因此土池培育轮虫的营养价值好,适用于海水苗种培育。     

Decadal trends in abundance,size and condition of Antarctic toothfish in McMurdo Sound,Antarctica, 1972–2011

We report the analyses of a dataset spanning 39 years of near‐annual fishing for Dissostichus mawsoni in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972–2011. Data on total length, condition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were derived from the > 5500 fish caught, the large majority of which were measured, tagged and released. Contrary to expectation, the length frequency of the McMurdo Sound catch was dominated by fish in the upper two‐thirds of the overall distribution exhibited in the industrial catch for the Ross Sea shelf. Fish length and condition increased from the early 1970s to the early 1990s and then decreased. Fish length positively correlated with Ross Sea ice extent in early spring, a relationship possibly caused by more ice encouraging larger fish to move farther south over the shelf and into the study area. Fish condition positively correlated with the amount of open water in the Ross Sea during the previous summer (Feb), perhaps reflecting greater availability of prey with the higher productivity that more open water brings. Decreasing fish size corresponds to the onset of the fishery, which targets the large individuals. CPUE was constant through 2001 and then decreased dramatically. We hypothesize that this decrease is related to the industrial fishery, which began in the 1996–97 austral summer, and concentrates effort over the ice‐free Ross Sea continental slope. As a result of limited prey choices and close coupling among mesopredators of the region, Antarctic toothfish included, the fishery appears to be dramatically altering the trophic structure of the Ross Sea.     

九孔鲍北方青苗及生长的探讨

探讨了九孔鲍(Haliotisdiversicolorsuertexta)在北方自然繁殖季节育苗的条件、发育时间和生长速度。2004年8月1日,用紫外线照射海水诱导产卵和人工授精的九孔鲍受精卵,经过60天培育,获6～12mm的幼鲍50万只。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫效果研究

研究了苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫应答的影响.将苏云金芽孢杆菌按1.0×10~(11)、3.0×10~(11)、5.0×10~(11) cfu/kg 3个浓度添加在鱼用全价颗粒饲料中,投喂经嗜水气单胞菌疫苗免疫组(A_0～A_3)和未免疫组(B_0～B_3)黄河鲤,分别于0、15、30、40 d时检测各组黄河鲤白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性以及血清凝集抗体效价,并进行攻毒试验.结果表明:添加苏云金芽孢杆菌可使黄河鲤血液中白细胞吞噬活性和血清溶菌酶活性显著提高.添加组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),添加浓度越高,血液白细胞活性和溶菌酶活性越强.免疫组与未免疫组白细胞吞噬活性差异不显著(P>0.05),而溶菌酶活性差异显著(P<0.05).在停止投喂后10 d,白细胞活性、血清溶菌酶活性逐渐下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05).添加苏云金芽孢杆菌还可提高黄河鲤的凝集抗体效价及攻毒后的存活率,其中,当菌株添加浓度为5.0×10~(11) cfu/kg时,受免疫的黄河鲤免疫保护率最高.即投喂苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫应答有明显促进作用.     

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

盐碱地鱼池水化学因子与浮游植物的调查研究

对山东黄河两岸和河口地区盐碱地鱼池的水化学因子与浮游植物进行了调查研究，确认鱼池水型属ＣｌⅢ＾Ｎａ，ＣｌⅡ＾Ｎａ和ＣｌⅠ＾Ｎａ型的氯化水，ｐＨ变化在７．６－８．９之间，盐度在０．９－８之间，营养盐含量比一般淡水鱼池低，浮植物甚至不如小型水库，湖泊丰富。     

Regulation of growth, fatty acid composition and delta 6 desaturase expression by dietary lipids in gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata)

The Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases and elongases show only very limited activity in marine fish, and little is known of the possibility of enhancing Δ6 desaturase gene expression in these fish. The use of plant oils in marine fish diets is limited by their lack of n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) despite an abundant content of the 18C fatty acid precursor linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of larval gilthead seabream to utilize vegetable oils and assess the nutritional regulation of Δ6 desaturase gene expression. Seventeen-day-old gilthead seabream larvae were fed during a 17-day period with one of four different microdiets formulated with either sardine fish oil (FO), soybean, rapeseed or linseed oils, respectively, or a fifth diet containing defatted squid meal and linseed oil. Good larval survival and growth, both in terms of total length and body weight, were obtained by feeding the larvae either rapeseed, soybean or linseed oils. The presence of vegetable oils in the diet increased the levels of 20:2n−9 and 20:2n−6, 18:2n−9, 18:3n−6, 20:3n−6 and 20:4n−6, in larvae fed rapeseed and soybean oils in comparison to those fed FO. In addition, a sixfold increase in the relative expression of Δ6 desaturase-like gene was found in larvae fed rapeseed and soybean oils, denoting the nutritional regulation of desaturase activity through its gene expression in this fish species. However, feeding linseed oil did not increase the expression of the Δ6 desaturase gene to such a high extent.     

网箱养草对养殖水体的净化效果

在室外养殖池塘中进行异育银鲫和网箱养草(菹草)的混养实验,旨在通过监测室外池塘养殖系统中水体主要理化因子,探讨网箱养草对养殖水体主要营养盐的去除效果。结果表明:在本次试验的鱼草共生系统中,网箱养草对水体具有明显的净化效果,能有效去除水体中的N、P等营养性物质。     

不同分子量的甲壳低聚糖对脂质吸附作用研究

本文通过体外模拟实验比较不同分子量范围的甲壳低聚糖对脂质的吸附效果.结果表明,不同分子量的甲壳低聚糖对各类脂质都具有较好的吸附性.其中,M_w=5kDa～10kDa的甲壳低聚糖对油脂、胆酸盐和胆固醇的吸附效果最好,对油脂的吸附率为5.3%,对脱氧胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠的吸附率分别为90.0%和71.1%,对胆固醇吸附率达8...     

河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘底泥重金属污染评价

调查了河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘底泥中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg等重金属元素的分布特征,并以内梅罗综合污染指数评价法对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明,该地区首要污染重金属Cr平均含量高达53.35mg/kg,超无公害水产品产地环境要求国家标准最高限量幅度为6.7%;Cd含量在0.07~1.13 mg/kg之间,其平均值0.45 mg/kg未超过无公害水产品产地环境要求,但超出《土壤环境质量标准》Ⅰ类;Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg含量范围分别7.98~40.31 mg/kg、30.24~80.22 mg/kg、11.29~24.50 mg/kg、0.08~0.17 mg/kg,平均值均未超过2项国家标准最高限值;以《农产品安全质量无公害水产品产地环境要求》为评价标准,利用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价重金属综合污染指数表明,该地区的污染状态主要为警戒级和轻微污染级。