矮秆基因Rht_NM9在小麦株高建成中对内源激素含量的影响

普通小麦品种"南农9918"经甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变获得一个矮秆、多蘖、长穗突变体"NM9",在该突变体中定位到一个新的矮秆突变基因Rht_NM9。内源激素在普通小麦株高建成的过程中发挥重要的调节作用,为了解析Rht_NM9致矮的生理机制,本研究以南农9918及其矮秆突变体NM9为材料,利用酶联免疫吸附分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)测定了不同生育期各节间内源赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量,分析小麦发育关键时期的内源激素含量变化与株高的关系。结果表明,在孕穗期和抽穗期,矮秆突变体NM9中GA、ABA含量均显著高于南农9918,而ZR含量则显著低于南农9918,IAA含量在南农9918和突变体NM9之间无明显差异。此外,突变体NM9各节间中GA/ABA比值显著高于南农9918,而IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA)/ABA、ZR/ABA比值显著低于南农9918。以上结果表明小麦株高受多种激素调控,突变体中内源ABA含量升高,IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值降低会抑制植物株高伸长。     

可食性蛋白质膜的研究进展

介绍了大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、玉米蛋白可食性膜的研究现状,综述了可食性蛋白膜的特点、改性方法及发展趋势。     

Influence of non-cellulose structural carbohydrate composition on plant material decomposition in soil

The C mineralisation pattern during the early stage of decomposition of plant materials is largely determined by their content of different carbohydrates. This study investigated whether detailed plant analysis could provide a better prediction of C mineralisation during decomposition than proximate analysis [neutral detergent solution (NDF)/acid detergent solution (ADF)]. The detailed analysis included sugars, fructans, starch, pectin, cellulose, lignin and organic N. To determine whether differences in decomposition rate were related to differences in hemicellulose composition, the analysis particularly emphasised the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in hemicelluloses. Carbon dioxide evolution was monitored hourly in soil amended with ten different plant materials. Principal component and regression analysis showed that C mineralisation during day 1 was closely related to free sugars, fructans and soluble organic N components (R ² = 0.83). The sum of non-cellulose structural carbohydrates (intermediate NDF/ADF fraction) was not related to C mineralisation between days 1 and 9. In contrast, a model including starch and protein in addition to the non-cellulose structural carbohydrates, with the hemicelluloses replaced by arabinose and xylose, showed a strong relationship with evolved CO₂ (R ² = 0.87). Carbon mineralisation between days 9 and 34 was better explained by xylan, cellulose and lignin (R ² = 0.72) than by lignocellulose in the ADF fraction. Our results indicated that proximate analyses were not sufficient to explain differences in decomposition. To predict C mineralisation from the range of plant materials studied, we propose a minimum set of analyses comprising total N, free sugars, starch, arabinose, xylan, cellulose and lignin.     

利用组织培养技术向普通小麦导入簇毛麦抗白粉病基因的研究

 对硬粒小麦（T.durum）-簇毛麦（H.villosa）杂种幼胚和F#-1幼穗诱导的愈伤组织进行秋水仙素处理获得硬-簇双二倍体TH1，TH1W，TH2W，TH3，TH3W。平均加倍率为78.8%,最高为94.1%。通过与普通小麦（T.aestivum）回交，幼胚和花药培养，得到了6D/6V异代换系94G22-1，94G25-1，94G32-1，94G33-1。谷草转氨酶（GOT）和酯酶（EST）同工酶可作为这些材料的生化标记。RAPD分析中，引物OPAN3可作为其分子标记引物。     

小麦主要性状的遗传模型分析

选用８个小麦品种采用双列杂交方法组配了２８个杂交组合,对其主要性状进行了遗传研究,结果表明：单株粒重和穗数符合加快模型;千粒重,穗粒数,结实小穗数,穗长符合加性－显性模型,株高,颈长符合加性－显性－上位性模型。     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.     

N-硝基-N-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-N′-2-甲氧基苯基脲生物活性的研究

研究了N -硝基 -N - ( 2 ,4,6—三氯苯基 ) -N′ - 2 -甲氧基苯基脲对单子叶作物水稻的植物生长调节活性及对单子叶杂草稗的除草活性 ,结果表明 :在一定的浓度范围内 ,该化合物对水稻具有植物生长调节活性 ,对稗具除草活性。     

植物生长调节剂对小麦后期生长发育的影响

采用二因素随机区组设计 ,通过盆栽试验 ,从生理指标和产量指标研究 3种植物生长调节剂在两种不同浓度下对冬小麦后期生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,在低浓度下 ,喷施农家宝的小麦旗叶光合强度最强 ,喷施旱地龙的小麦抗旱能力最强 ,喷施农家宝、旱地龙、PP2 0 0 3的小麦产量比对照都有所增加。在高浓度下 ,喷施PP2 0 0 3的小麦抗旱能力最强。喷施高浓度的 3种植物生长调节剂后 ,小麦的产量都比对照有所下降     

安徽省木本攀援物区系基本特征的研究

为对安徽省城市、风景区垂直绿化植物的配置应用提供依据,本文对安徽省木本攀援植物区系基本特征进行了分析,作者认为安徽省木本攀援植物区系具有以下基本特征:1.区系成份丰富;2.区系成份自北向南递增;3.观赏价值高的木本攀援植物较丰富;4.各类性状和攀援习性的类群较完备;5.区系的过渡性十分明显。     

桃树部分经济性状的种内变异及其分级标准研究

为了弥补桃树品种间性状变异和分级研究的不足,本文在前人成果基础上,借助计算机。对桃树12个主要经济性状在品种和品种群间的变异及其分布性进行了研究。并根据概率和正态分布理论,探讨了适于正态分布性状的统一的概率分级标准。研究结果表明,桃树不同性状的离散程度存在很大差异,品种间性状变异以产量指数、果肉可滴定酸含量和单宁含量最大,变异系数高达45～60％;以果肉含糖量和可溶性固形物含量的变异最小,变异系数在20％以下。品种群间性状变异情况与品种间表现一致。经正态总体函数的X~2检验,在供试12年主要经济性状中,单果重、果肉含糖量、核重、成熟期、果实生育期、座果率和产量指数等7个性状的性状值是正态分布。对正态分布性状,可统一用(X-1.2818＄),(X-0.5246＄)(X+0.5246＄)和X=1.2818＄)4个分点将性状值由低到高分为5级,以(X-0.5246＄)和(X+0.5246＄)2个分点将性状值分为3级。如此分级后,5级分级中1～5级性状值出现的概率分别为10％,20％、40%、20％、10％,3级分中1～3级性状值出现的概率分别为30％、40％和30%。本文还列出了7个性状的3级和5级分级标准,并对概率分级和经验分级进行了比较。