Problems of Breeding for Improved Standing Ability in Dried Peas, Pisum sativum L.

Standing ability is a major component of combining ability and yield stability in dried peas. In performance trials during 1986–1988 commercial varieties and new breeding lines were evaluated for standing ability at one location. Standing ability was measured by visual scores, crop height and standardized crop height (crop height in percent of plant length) at several observation dates during the generative phase. Visual scoring proved to be the most suitable method for the measurement of standing ability as far as time requirement and precision are concerned.
Considerable differences between years and varieties were found for both the course of lodging during the generative phase and the standing ability shortly before harvest. Several, at least three or four measurements of standing ability should be done during the generative phase. Also highly significant variety x year interactions were observed. Heritability values estimated for different parameters of standing ability were medium to high as compared to plant length and maturity date (high) or grain yield (low).
In general, standing ability of the semi-leafless varieties proved to be much better than standing ability of the conventional ones. However, the semi-leafless plant type was not always associated with an improved standing ability.
Problems relating to the methods of measurement of standing ability, its phenotypic expression and variability are discussed.     

Grafting in vitro Regenerated Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Shoots as a Method for Obtaining Mature Plants

A method of grafting pea plants is proposed to allow rapid availability of a large number of mature plants from in vitro regenerated shoots. Plant regeneration was obtained from macerated vegetative apices and immature embryos, but regenerated shoots rooted with low frequency (ca. 10 %). When those shoots were grafted onto seedling stocks of the same cultivar, 80 to 85 % of the grafts survived, grew to maturity and produced seed.     

Maintenance of Vigour and Viability of Stored Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds

To determine the most efficacious midstorage hydration-dehydration treatment for preservation of vigour and viability of stored pea seeds ( Pisum sativum L.), cultivar Bonneville , three methods viz., soaking-drying, moisture equilibration-drying and moist sand conditioning-drying each at varying durations were evaluated. Irrespective of the durations of treatment, soaking-drying proved injurious. Though all durations of moisture equilibration excepting and 120 h outperformed the control, yet 48 h proved to be the best. Preconditioning with moist sand (5 % moisture content) with seed at a ratio of 1: 2.5 for different durations revealed 48 h to be the optimum, 72–96 h to be innocuous and thereafter injurious. Maintenance of membrane integrity and counteraction of lipid peroxidation may be the possible reasons for such beneficial effects.     

Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in a collection of pea germplasm under field and controlled conditions

A total of 242 Pisum accessions were screened for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi under controlled conditions. Resistance was found to all races, including race 6 and the recently described race 8. Fifty‐eight accessions were further tested for resistance to P. syringae pv. syringae under controlled conditions, with some highly resistant accessions identified. Finally, a set of 41 accessions were evaluated for resistance to P. syringae pv. pisi and pv. syringae under spring‐ and winter‐sowing field conditions. R2, R3 and R4 race‐specific resistance genes to P. syringae pv. pisi protected pea plants in the field. Resistance sources to race 6 identified under controlled conditions were ineffective in the field. Frost effects were also evaluated in relation to disease response. Results strongly suggest that frost tolerance is effective in lowering the disease effects caused by P. syringae pv. pisi and pv. syringae under frost‐stress conditions, even in the absence of disease resistance genes, although the highest degree of this protection is reached when frost tolerance and disease‐resistance genes are combined in the same genetic background.     

4种林分类型空气负离子浓度日变化规律

通过对COM-3200PRO空气离子检测仪数据接收方式的改造,使得数据监测与接收空间分离,实现了野外试验24 h不间断的监测。主要监测了杨树林、白蜡林、核桃林、侧柏林4种河南省常见林分类型的空气负离子浓度日变化规律,结果表明,4种林分类型均表现出了相同的日变化规律,即最低值出现在日出前,最高值出现在14:00左右,4种林分类型空气负离子浓度日均值差异明显,其大小排序为杨树林>白蜡林>侧柏林>核桃林。     

火炬松容器育苗营养土配制技术研究

火炬松容器育苗营养土配制技术研究结果表明,配方黄心土37%+菌根土30%+火烧土24%+菜籽饼6%+复合肥3%与配方黄心土34%+菌根土30%+火烧土24%+菜籽饼9%+复合肥3%苗木质量最好,但是后者成本高于前者,因此火炬松容器育苗营养土配方应选择黄心土37%+菌根土30%+火烧土24%+菜籽饼6%+复合肥3%为佳。     

不同覆盖度沙棘对林下草本植被的修复效果研究

[目的]探讨不同覆盖度沙棘对林下草本植被的修复效果。[方法]经过对林下植被的盖度、生物量、物种多样性的分析研究内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯地区不同覆盖度沙棘人工林对林下植被的影响。[结果]沙棘林覆盖度达10%以后,林下草本植被多样性指数变化平稳;当沙棘林地覆盖度为20%～25%时,林下植被盖度与生物量达最大值。[结论]研究区沙棘林的覆盖度应该以15%～25%为宜。     

河南构树两个彩叶新品种及其繁育技术

描述了‘斑叶’构树和‘金叶’构树2个河南构树新品种的形态特征,均为构树芽变,经多代嫁接鉴定彩叶性状遗传稳定。新品种‘斑叶’构树的独特特征为:叶片1/3～2/3,稀全叶为淡黄色或黄白色,与构树原品种相区别。‘金叶’构树的独特特征为:枝、叶,全为淡黄色或黄白色,而与构树原品种相区别。同时,介绍了2个新品种的繁育技术要点及其优良特性。     

3种含笑属植物叶片挥发油化学成分的比较研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别提取多脉含笑、绢毛含笑和黄兰3种含笑植物叶的挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行了化学成分分析。实验结果表明,多脉含笑共鉴定出20种化合物,占挥发性物质总含量的百分比为97.54%,主要成分为α-金合欢烯、β-橄榄烯、大根香叶烯B和朱栾倍半萜等;绢毛含笑共鉴定出36种化合物,占挥发性物质总含量的百分比为98.47%,主要成分为橙花叔醇、α-蒎烯、β-芳樟醇和二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛等;黄兰鉴定出19种化合物,占挥发性物质总含量的95.93%,主要成分为大根香叶烯B、β-芳樟醇、罗勒烯、石竹烯、桉叶醇、β-榄香烯和异丁酸苯乙酯等;3种植物叶片挥发油主要成分含量差异较大。在3种含笑属植物叶中均含有很多高生物活性的物质,在香料工业及医药方面都有重要用途。     

鹅掌楸种源试验研究

笔者以湖北省京山县鹅掌楸属种源试验林2个树种鹅掌楸与北美鹅掌楸共20个种源为对象,进行了14 a时的生长和主要木材性状的研究。结果表明:北美鹅掌楸的生长优于鹅掌楸,而木材性状则不及鹅掌楸。在胸径、树高、材积、基本密度和纤维长度5个测试性状中,各种源之间存在显著或者极显著差异,为优良种源的选择奠定了基础。相同试验材料不同试验点的结果存在较大分歧表明:鹅掌楸受到较强的环境因素影响,因此在进行种源选择时必须加以考虑。