不同氮源对黑松幼苗根-土界面无机磷形态转化及有效性的影响

用根垫-冰冻切片法研究不同氮源对石灰性潮土中黑松幼苗根-土界面无机磷形态转化及有效性的影响。结果表明:铵态氮(NH4+-N)处理后幼苗根-土界面pH值较对照处理明显降低,而硝态氮(NO3--N)处理后幼苗根-土界面pH值较对照处理升高,不同氮源引起的幼苗根-土界面pH值变动的幅度取决于氮源的质量分数。铵态氮处理明显降低了幼苗根-土界面Ca2-P,Fe-P和Al-P质量分数,100,200和400mg·kg-1的铵态氮处理后,距根表0～1mm处Ca2-P较土体亏缺率分别为37.1%,45.9%和57.7%,Fe-P较土体亏缺率分别为23.4%,29.1%和38.2%,Al-P较土体亏缺率分别为25.1%,28.0%和33.2%;硝态氮处理增加了幼苗根-土界面Ca2-P,Fe-P和Al-P质量分数,但不显著。铵态氮与硝态氮处理后幼苗根-土界面Ca8-P的亏缺程度较对照分别加大或降低,但不明显。铵态氮与硝态氮处理后幼苗根-土界面Ca10-P和O-P质量分数较对照处理变化很小。铵态氮引起的黑松幼苗根-土界面pH值的降低,促进了幼苗根-土界面处无机磷的形态转化,提高了根-土界面无机磷的生物有效性,显著增加了根系对磷的吸收。     

马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代测定与配合选择

对都匀马尾松无性系种子园48个半同胞家系9年生测定林的胸径、树高、材积进行了测定分析,结果表明:各家系间树高、胸径、材积差异极显著,具有较高的遗传力。从中选择出9个优良家系,其树高、胸径和材积平均为7.12 m、9.84 cm和0.037 97 m3,遗传增益分别为10.44%、7.73%和20.80%。从优良家系内选择46株优良单株,其树高、胸径、材积分别增加了53.81%,56.65%和150.18%、材积预期增益为55.05%。这些优良单株可作为贵州省营建马尾松高世代种子园的备选材料。     

UV-B辐射增强对红松幼苗针叶脂质过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响

以盆栽3年生红松实生苗为材料,分为CK(对照)、T1(+3.25 μW·cm～UV-B辐射)、T2(+6.51μW·cm～UV-B辐射)及T3(+9.76 μW·cm-2 UV-B辐射)4个处理,研究环境UV-B辐射增强对红松叶片自由基含量、脂质过氧化程度及抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:UV-B辐射增强显著提高红松针叶内羟基自由基(·OH)、过氧化氢自由基(H2O2)和MDA含量(P＜0.05),T3处理下叶片的H2O2(149.05 mmol·g-1)和MDA(12.56 μmol·g-1)含量最高;UV-B辐射增强诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,显著降低过氧化物酶(POD)活性(P＜0.05);抗氧化物质中可溶性蛋白含量随UV-B胁迫程度加强而显著增加(CK为0.17 mg·g-1,T3处理为0.26 mg·g-1),而各UV-B辐射增强处理均降低了类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量.各生理指标相关分析结果表明:红松针叶内可溶性蛋白含量与自由基、MDA含量间存在极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01);·OH含量与类胡萝卜素、类黄酮含量间存在极显著的负相关关系(P＜0.01).研究证实UV-B辐射增强通过产生大量的自由基对红松幼苗的生理代谢产生影响,而红松幼苗通过提高抗氧化酶(CAT,APX,SOD)的活性和蛋白质的含量来抵抗UV-B辐射引起的损伤,但其防御机制并不能有效地缓解这个伤害.     

沙地樟子松人工林碳储量研究

以科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象,分别实地测定了造林10年、18年、25年和30年樟子松人工林树木生物量、枯落物生物量、草本生物量和根系生物量,并研究了各碳库碳储量动态变化特征.结果表明:樟子松各器官平均碳含量为48.12%;随着林龄的增大,除了林下草本碳库碳储量减小外,樟子松地上部分碳库、枯落物碳库、根系碳库及土壤...     

落叶松人工林天然更新及近自然经营

红松在落叶松下更新能够将其诱导形成红松针阔混交林,笔者就落叶松林内阔叶树组成、红松更新情况、林下灌木和近自然经营进行了调查分析,发现落叶松的长势、其伴生阔叶乔木的状况在下坡位均占优势,下坡位更新的红松密度最大。林下植被均较丰富,为红松幼年生长提供了良好的森林环境。     

外生菌根真菌促进油松人工幼林生长试验

应用从不同林型下分离获得的外生菌根真菌纯培养菌株中的优良菌种,对油松人工林进行菌剂混合接种试验。结果表明:采用外生菌根真菌对油松林接菌,能使土壤微生物种群数量发生变化;接菌后的土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌总数比对照有明显的增加,其中真菌增加558.7%。接菌后的油松菌根侵染率为75%,对照为20%;采用外生菌根真菌对油松林接菌,能够提高其抗病力,增强抗旱性,促进林木的生长。对连续2年接种菌剂的油松幼林调查表明,施用菌剂的油松与对照相比,其地径、树高均有显著增加,树高增长46.1%,地径增长41.3%。所以说外生菌根真菌作为一项生物接种技术,对提高油松林的抗病力,增强抗旱性,促进林木的生长具有重要的作用。     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

烟台海岸黑松防护林种群结构及其随离岸距离的变化

在烟台海岸黑松防护林内设置42块样地(10 m×10 m),采用样方法进行每木调查获取野外资料.以空间代替时间,以种群径级结构代替年龄结构,探讨烟台海岸黑松防护林种群的结构和动态规律;同时,分析离岸距离不等的黑松防护林的种群结构窄间变化特征.结果表明:海岸黑松防护林种群径级的数量分布基本上呈倒J型分布,表明黑松种群处于稳定发展的时期;黑松生长与种群密度之间存在明显的相关关系,黑松胸径、单株生物量与密度的关系均符合负指数函数模型,树高与密度呈显著负相关;在距离海岸50～500 m范围内,黑松种群密度随离岸距离的增加而增大,平均胸径和平均冠幅均随离岸距离的增加而减小,海陆相互作用产生的环境异质化可能是造成黑松种群空间分布格局的主要原因.     

帽儿山林场樟子松人工林光辐射分布的研究

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山施业区内的樟子松人工林为研究对象,运用WinSCANOPY2006a冠层分析仪采集数据,并结合实地调查,实测5种林龄的樟子松人工林群落内光辐射特征及冠层参数。结果表明：立地条件基本一致的情况下,樟子松人工林内光辐射随林龄增大呈下降趋势,变化范围为8．8－12．32mol·m^-2·d^-1,平均占冠层顶部总辐射的21．21％。对光的吸收能力逐渐增强且树龄为30a以后趋于稳定。林分开阔度的变化范围为10．78％～21．66％,不同林龄群落之间差异显著,随林龄增大而下降。叶面积指数变化范围为2．29～3．47,不同林龄群落之间差异不显著。消光系数（＆）的变化范围为0．47～0．63,消光能力随林龄增大而增强,冠层结构随林龄的变化对消光能力的变化有一定得影响．