水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选

水稻抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选已成为水稻抗旱性研究课题的热点之一。本文利用10个水、旱稻品种（组合）,在开花期水分胁迫条件下,测定了剑叶叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量,叶片相对含水量,株高,叶面积及光合速率等10项与抗旱性有关的形态和生理指标,进行了主成分分析和逐步回归分析。结果表明,水稻开花期叶片脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量、气孔导度、叶面积等4项指标对水稻的抗旱性有显著影响,可作为水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标。利用所建立的最优回归方程对供试品种（组合）进行了抗旱性预测,结果与它们在田间表现基本一致, 表明用这4个指标在开花期对水稻抗旱性进行鉴定是可行的。     

大豆成株期抗旱性鉴定评价方法研究

以我国不同地区育成的77个大豆品种(系)为供试材料、以晋豆21为对照, 在年降雨量不足40 mm的甘肃敦煌市, 设干旱胁迫和正常灌水2个处理, 考察与产量相关的8个农艺性状, 应用简单相关、等级相关等统计学方法, 筛选优异的抗旱种质资源, 旨在明确大豆成株期抗旱性鉴定指标和评价方法。9种抗旱性评价方法比较结果表明, 基于抗旱系数法、伤害指数和敏感指数对供试材料的抗旱性评价结果完全一致, 基于生物产量、单株粒数和单株荚数的综合评价方法与基于产量的直接评价方法比并无优势。经典的抗旱系数法适宜于筛选抗旱资源, 但不一定能筛选出正常条件下的丰产资源, 而本文提出的改进抗旱指数法可筛选到抗旱性和丰产性兼备的品种, 为抗旱育种和生产应用服务;通过划分不同品种熟期组, 筛选到不同熟期类型的抗旱、丰产品种。本研究为制订“大豆抗旱性鉴定评价技术规范”提供了理论依据, 对大豆资源的抗旱性鉴定和抗旱性育种具有重要的意义。     

氮沉降对湿地松林土壤呼吸的影响

为了阐明湿地松林土壤呼吸对氮沉降响应的变化规律以及氮沉降是否改变土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数,运用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定模拟氮沉降4种不同处理水平[0、5、15、30 g/(m2?a)]下湿地松林(Pinus elliottii)的土壤呼吸速率及土壤温、湿度。结果表明：湿地松林土壤胡须呈明显季节变化,7月最高,1月最低。各处理土壤呼吸年累积量为：对照(CK)[5.28±1.02 t/(hm2?a)]、低氮[LN 4.51±0.64 t/(hm2?a)]、中氮[LN 4.66±0.51 t/(hm2?a)]和高氮[HN 4.20±0.43 t/(hm2?a)]。全年对照处理土壤呼吸速率平均值为CK[1.44±0.28 μmol/(m2?s)]比各氮沉降处理LN[1.20±0.17μmol/(m2?s)]、MN[1.24±0.13μmol/(m2?s)]、HN[1.11±0.11μmol/(m2?s)]高16.6%、13.8%、22.9%。土壤呼吸速率与10 cm土壤温度呈显著相关正指数关系(P<0.01),相关性指数(R2)在0.6049~0.7557之间,湿地松林在各处理氮沉降下温度敏感性系数分别为LN(1.72)、MN(1.75)、HN(1.79)同对照(2.35)相比有降低趋势。土壤呼吸与5 cm土壤湿度之间呈二次方程关系,但相关性不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,氮沉降是影响湿地松林CO2通量的一个重要因子。     

柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究

对柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性测定结果表明：柱花草炭疽病菌为盘长孢状刺盘孢菌[Colletotrichumgloeosporioides（Penz）Sacc]．病菌生长温度15～36℃;适宜生长温度25～30℃;分生孢子萌发的温度6～40℃,最适萌发温度为28℃;分生孢子在饱和湿度下萌发率为83．1％,在饱和湿度加水滴中达87．9％;分生孢子的致死温度为49℃10min;病菌生长的pH值是2．5～14．0,最适pH值为6．4～7．2;病菌对碳源的利用较氮源好。     

Contribution of termites to the breakdown of straw under Sahelian conditions

 The effect of termites on the breakdown of Pennisetum pedicellatum straw under Sahelian conditions was studied in northern Burkina Faso during the dry and wet seasons of 1995. Litterbags were laid on plots treated with drieldrin at a rate of 500 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha^–1 to exclude termite activity and on untreated plots. Termites were the only macroscopically visible consumers which were observed in the litterbags during the dry and wet season. In litterbags with no termites present the rate of breakdown of straw was lower during both the dry or wet seasons than in litterbags with termites. In the litterbags with termites, much of the mulch was taken off and replaced by termite-made sheeting. From April to September over 60% of the added material disappeared from termite litterbags, while only 18% of the added straw disappeared from litterbags without termites. From October to December, 28% of the straw disappeared from termite-infested litterbags versus 8% from litterbags without termites. The contribution of termites to the breakdown of straw was estimated to be over 70% for each of the two experiments. Under Sahelian conditions, the breakdown of organic residues is strongly influenced by termites. Received: 6 May 1998     

Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4

The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied, positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes (i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104 may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination. Received: 11 December 1995     

Differential responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) — Rhizobium combinations to saline soil conditions

Summary Chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) and their symbiosis with specific strains of Rhizobium spp. were examined under salt stress. The growth of rhizobia declined with NaCl concentrations increasing from 0.01 to 2% (w : v). Two Rhizobium spp. strains (F-75 and KG 31) tolerated 1.5% NaCl. Of the 10 chickpea cultivars examined, only three (Pusa 312, Pusa 212, and Pusa 240) germinated at 1.5% NaCl. The chickpea — Rhizobium spp. symbiosis was examined in the field, with soil varying in salinity from electrical conductivity (EC) 4.5 to EC 5.2 dSm^-1, to identify combinations giving satisfactory yields. Significant interactions between strains and cultivars caused differential yields of nodules, dry matter, and grain. Four chickpea — Rhizobium spp. combinations, Pusa 240 and F-75 (660 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and IC 76 (440 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and KG 31 (390 kg ha^-1), and Pusa 312 and KG 31 (380 kg ha^-1), produced significantly higher grain yields in saline soil.     

In situ net N transformations in pine,fir, and oak stands of different ages on acid sandy soil, 3 years after liming

Summary The effect of liming on in-situ N transformations was studied in two stands of different ages of each of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], and common oak (Quercus robur L.). The stands were located on acid sandy soils in an area with high atmospheric N input. The organic matter of the upper 10-cm layer of the soil, including the forest floor, had a relatively high N content (C: N ratio <25) in all stands. Using a sequential core technique, N transformations were measured in both control plots and plots that had been limed 3 years previously with 3 t ha^-1 of dolomitic lime. Limed plots had a higher net NO _inf3 ^sup- production and a higher potential for NO _inf3 ^sup- leaching than the controls in all stands except that of the younger oak. Net N mineralization did not differ significantly between limed and control plots in oak stands and younger coniferous stands but was significantly lower in the limed plots of the older coniferous stands. It is concluded that long-term measurements of net N mineralization in limed forest soils are needed to evaluate the effect of liming with respect to the risk of groundwater pollution.     

陆川县湿地松工程林经济效益分析

通过建立观测样地，研究广西陆川县湿地松工程林的生长过程和经济效益，基本情况是林分生长正常，投资项目可行，但经济效益不够理想．其主要原因是：（１）过林密度小，每公顷仅１６６７株，（２）投入偏低；导致林分单位面积蓄积量少，按林价计算的单位面积产值较低．     

马尾松合理采伐量的确定

本文尝试了层次分析法确定马尾松合理采伐量的方法。结果表明，该方法能较好地处理受多个定性、定量因素影响的采伐量问题，为森林经营者提供决策依据。