种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响

[目的]为了揭示种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响,为油松人工林经营管理提供理论依据.[方法]基于中条山油松人工林群落样地调查数据,分析油松人工林下主要植物的种间关联性、生态位重叠及群落稳定性,并在此基础上探讨种间关联和生态位理论在油松人工林天然更新障碍及群落稳定性形成机制中的作用.[结果]中条山油松...     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

Biomass distribution in 40-year-old trees of Japanese black pine

Measurements were carried out to survey the quantity of above- and below-ground biomass and its distribution of five Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) growing on a sandy soil. The roots, divided into diameter groups, were surveyed using two methods—soil coring and excavation. Average dry weight of total biomass of the trees was 176,185 g. Roots represented 13.2%, below-ground stump 6.5%, stem 70.4% and branches with needles 9.9% of total biomass. Roots made up about two thirds and stump one third of below-ground biomass. Total length of below-ground biomass (except roots with diameter < 0.1 cm) was 479.1 m/tree. Roots with diameter of 0.1–0.2 cm represented only 0.7% of below-ground biomass, however as much as 49.9% of their total length. Roots with diameter over 10.0 cm constituted as much as 21.6% of below-ground biomass, however were only 0.3% of its total length. Root systems had well developed tap roots to maximal depth of 231 cm. The results indicated that mass and length of roots with diameter 0.5–2.0 cm had a close correlation with branch mass. Mass and length of roots with diameter 2.0–10.0 cm closely correlated to stem mass. Stem mass, root mass and root length closely correlated to DBH. A rather low correlation was found between DBH and mass of branches and below-ground stump. DBH was a suitable variable for predicting total biomass.     

广西湿地松松脂化学组成的研究

用气相色谱法测定广西湿地松松脂的化学成分，通过大量的分析数据探讨影响其化学成分变化的气候、地理与环境因素。对比了湿地松松脂与马尾松松脂的成分差异。     

纵坑切梢小蠹对加勒比松的为害

对纵坑切梢小蠹在白云山不同变种加勒比松的为害状况进行了初步调查，掌握了该虫为害松树的特征如：侵入孔部位、侵入孔直径、侵入孔道长度、为害梢直径、为害梢长度等，发现纵坑切梢小蠹对疏叶型本种加勒比松的春梢为害较严重。     

马尾松木荷混交林林分结构和土壤肥力研究

对马尾松木荷混交林与马尾松纯林林分生长、径阶分布及土壤理化性质研究表明 :马尾松与木荷以 2∶1比例行状混交 ,马尾松生长快 ,林分各径阶呈正态分布 ,林分生产力高、结构稳定。马尾松木荷混交林不仅提高土壤通透性和蓄水性 ,促进土壤良好结构形成 ,而且增加土壤养分含量 ,改善土壤肥力状况     

次生林下红松幼树的最佳生长条件

全文对杨桦次生林下红松幼树的最佳生长条件进行了研究。结果表明，林下无灌木或少灌木，距离立木1．5m以外，林冠郁闭度0.5-0.6为红松幼树更新的最佳条件。同时，提出了通过胸径与林分密度的关系对林分郁闭度进行控制的直接方法。     

黄山松抚育间伐强度效应试验

在19年生黄山松林中进行间伐强度效应试验,结果表明:强度间伐对胸径和单株材积生长效应最佳;不同间伐强度对树高生长和林分总收获量无显著影响。     

不同氮源对黑松幼苗根-土界面无机磷形态转化及有效性的影响

用根垫-冰冻切片法研究不同氮源对石灰性潮土中黑松幼苗根-土界面无机磷形态转化及有效性的影响。结果表明:铵态氮(NH4+-N)处理后幼苗根-土界面pH值较对照处理明显降低,而硝态氮(NO3--N)处理后幼苗根-土界面pH值较对照处理升高,不同氮源引起的幼苗根-土界面pH值变动的幅度取决于氮源的质量分数。铵态氮处理明显降低了幼苗根-土界面Ca2-P,Fe-P和Al-P质量分数,100,200和400mg·kg-1的铵态氮处理后,距根表0～1mm处Ca2-P较土体亏缺率分别为37.1%,45.9%和57.7%,Fe-P较土体亏缺率分别为23.4%,29.1%和38.2%,Al-P较土体亏缺率分别为25.1%,28.0%和33.2%;硝态氮处理增加了幼苗根-土界面Ca2-P,Fe-P和Al-P质量分数,但不显著。铵态氮与硝态氮处理后幼苗根-土界面Ca8-P的亏缺程度较对照分别加大或降低,但不明显。铵态氮与硝态氮处理后幼苗根-土界面Ca10-P和O-P质量分数较对照处理变化很小。铵态氮引起的黑松幼苗根-土界面pH值的降低,促进了幼苗根-土界面处无机磷的形态转化,提高了根-土界面无机磷的生物有效性,显著增加了根系对磷的吸收。