勃利县红松根朽病防治技术的研究

通过调查、观测,掌握了红松根朽病在勃利县林区发病规律以及环境因素对该病害的影响。结果表明,红松根朽病的发病规律为：郁闭度大的林分病害较重,阴坡重于阳坡,山中下腹重于山上腹;使用树干基部涂药和根部注药相结合的方法防治效果最好,防治效果达95%以上。     

The culturable leaf mycobiome of Viscum album subsp. austriacum

In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland.     

马尾松福建省域种源和家系36年生生长性状变异与评价

目的 研究来自福建省3个地区的马尾松种源和家系生长性状的遗传变异规律,为马尾松优良种源和家系选育提供科学依据。 方法 以来自福建省龙岩、泉州和南平3个种源地共92个家系为材料,通过布置完全随机区组设计试验,分析评价树高、胸径和单株立木材积3个生长性状的遗传差异规律,选育优良种源和家系。 结果 龙岩地区种源平均树高、胸径和材积分别为18.76 m、22.23 cm和0.36 m3,其次是泉州地区种源分别为17.43 m、20.77 cm和0.31 m3,最后是低于对照的南平地区种源,树高、胸径和材积平均值分别为15.54 m、19.25 cm和0.25 m3。综合评价表明：泉州和龙岩材料可作为马尾松优良种源地,在家系水平上,3个生长性状的遗传力为3.81%～16.08%,同时利用聚类分析法将参试92个家系划分为优良、较优、中等和一般4种类型家系,相应数量分别为3、24、41和24个。家系77-561、79-569和79-568的树高、胸径和单株立木材积平均遗传增益分别达0.61%、4.78%和17.81%,将其评选为优良家系。 结论 从优良家系中选择优良单株并将其分为3类,优良单株22株,较优单株80株,一般单株52株。     

不同覆盖物对红松播种苗床土壤特性及育苗效果的影响

为了解不同覆盖物对红松播种苗床土壤日蒸发量、土壤表层温度和种子出苗率及幼苗生长的影响,开展了不同覆盖物红松播种试验.结果 表明:不同覆盖物下土壤日蒸发量由大到小依次为CK、河沙、草炭土、松针、锯末和豆秸;河沙覆盖的土壤表层温度最高,其次是松针覆盖,豆秸覆盖的最低,锯末和草炭土覆盖下的土壤温度两者相差不大;松针、草炭土、...     

6种植物源农药防治波纹杂毛虫林间药效分析

为明确6种植物源农药防治波纹杂毛虫的最佳林间配比度和用药量,掌握低空施药技术,在福建省沙县马尾松林建立试验区,开展林间喷雾和喷烟防治试验。结果表明:6种农药的林间喷雾,药后4 d,防治效果均超过90%;最佳林间配比度为:1.3%苦参碱可溶液剂和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油均为1300倍液;1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液、4%鱼藤酮乳油和0.6%印楝素乳油均为1000倍液,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液为800倍液。2种农药喷烟后3 d,防治效果均超过90%,1.3%苦参碱可溶液和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油与烟雾剂最佳配比度均为1∶9。参试的6种植物源农药可广泛应用于防治波纹杂毛虫幼虫。     

湿热蒸汽处理木质材料温度动态监测研究

作为一种替代溴甲烷熏蒸木材的技术,湿热蒸汽处理具有突出的环保性。试验通过智能换热站提供湿热蒸汽,设计了钢材框架悬挂耐高温气囊的试验装置,对原木、樟子松拼板、樟子松锯材和单板层积材进行湿热蒸汽处理,并对木材内部升温进行动态监测。利用温度记录仪收集了各温度监测点4 h内的温度实时数据,以及耐高温气囊内部的环境温度实时数据,对湿热蒸汽环境下木质材料不同位置的升温过程进行比较分析,结果表明:木质材料与湿热蒸汽的接触面积是影响其升温速率的关键因素;较大尺寸的木质材料升温速率更高;人造板材与天然木材升温速率基本相同。     

1年生樟子松苗营养积累过程的研究

通过 3a对樟子松 1年生苗木的营养积累过程的研究表明 :1年生樟子松苗在生长期内 ,干物质的积累和对N、P、K的吸收利用是以叶为中心 ,到生长中、后期 ,根、茎、叶中的干物质积累和对三元素的吸收积累速率明显加快。而在不同生长时期对三元素的吸收利用比例也不同 ,生长前期表现为N >P >K ,生长中后期表现为K >N >P ,生长后期表现为P >N >K。     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。     

辐射松引种栽培综述

辐射松(PinusradiataD.Don)原产于加利弗尼亚海岸,被引种到世界各地,现在是南半球主要的人工林造林树种。1990年以来辐射松被引种到长江上游四川省阿坝州的干旱河谷地区,幼树的成活和早期生长表现良好。本文的主要内容包括:辐射松在原产地和引种地的生长情况,种源和遗传上的差异,环境限制因子和辐射松的气候生境,病虫害,引种不成功的经验教训以及辐射松在生态恢复中的应用。文中还简述了辐射松在阿坝干旱河谷地区的早期生长情况,列举了在长江上游干旱河谷地区引种辐射松可能遇到的问题以及所需开展的研究。图4表5参90。     

Artificially regenerating longleaf pine in canopy gaps: initial survival and growth during a year of drought

Nitrogen fertilization in the nursery, along with altering the configuration of forest gaps, may improve the reforestation success of longleaf pine seedlings. During the very droughty 1998 growing season in Florida and Georgia, survival was higher under the forest canopy than in small (0.10 ha, 36 m diameter) and large (1.6 ha, 144 m diameter) canopy gaps. In the large gaps, survival of containerized seedlings was higher along the edges, particularly the SW edge. Shade from adult trees and the nurse effect of shrubs increased survival, while grass competition reduced survival. During dry years part of the “exclusionary zone” along the edge of canopy gaps (SW sector) may serve as a “survival zone”, at least in the short term. A model using oval-shaped gaps oriented from NW to SE, with an area of 0.25 ha is proposed to maximize the survival and growth of artificially regenerated longleaf pine seedlings.