马尾松种子园及其附近人工林的亲子代群体遗传结构分析

利用同工酶标记对广西覃塘林场马尾松无性系种子园及其附近一人工林的亲子代群体遗传结构进行研究。研究结果表明，不论是种子园还是附近人工林均表现为：亲代群体处于遗传平衡状态，杂合体相对过量，但子代已偏离遗传平衡，杂合体相对不足，亲子代的基因频率变化不大。种子园亲代群体的遗传多样性略高于子代，而附近人工林的亲代群体遗传多样性略低于子代。本文研究的种子园具有较宽的遗传基础，该种子园附近人工林的遗传多样性与种子园接近，但不论是人工林本身还是它的子代其多样性平均水平都较种子园的亲代和子代略低。     

Two-year development of southern pine seedlings and associated vegetation following spray-and-burn site preparation with imazapyr alone or in mixture with other herbicides

Eight herbicide combinations containing imazapyr alone or in mixture with glyphosate, triclopyr, or picloram+2,4-D were applied July–August 1991 at each of three upland sites in the southeastern U.S., with or without a subsequent broadcast burn in September. Seedlings of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) pine were planted that winter. Second-year (August 1993) vegetation responses indicate that broadcast burning, in combination with herbicides, was associated with increased abundances of grasses, forbs, and shrubs and decreased abundances of vines and hardwood trees. In the presence of burning, imazapyr-in-mixture treatments were associated with a high abundance of grass (53% cover) and a mean size of pines less than that of seedlings growing in imazapyr-alone treatments. In the absence of burning, imazapyr-alone treatments were associated with a high abundance of blackberry (21% cover), an average height of hardwoods (131 cm) exceeding that of pines (71 cm), and a mean size of pines less than that of trees growing in imazapyr-in-mixture treatments. Hardwood height in the absence of burning was less when imazapyr was combined with glyphosate (75 cm) than with triclopyr (102 cm). Regardless of the presence or absence of burning, size of pines and abundance of shrubs and hardwoods did not differ between imazapyr rates of 0.56 and 0.84 kg acid equivalent/ha or among herbicides applied in mixture with imazapyr.     

火炬松木材基本密度的株内变异

利用６株２７年生火炬松伐倒木解析材料,分析木材基本密度的株内变异规律。结果表明,各年龄基本密度及相应的自髓心的断面基本密度的径向变异表现为,在各断面高度随距髓心年轮数的增加而增大,到一定年轮数后增加趋缓;纵向变异则为自干基向上迅速下降,３￣５ｍ高度以上保持相对稳定。相关分析表明各部位及相应的断面木材基本密度值ＢＤ与距髓心的年轮数Ｒ和其高度Ｈ位置有关,可用ＢＤ＝ａ＋ｂ／Ｒ＋ｃ／Ｈ来拟合两者的株内变化     

美国黄松与秦岭主要松属种叶燃烧性比较

测定了美国黄松及秦岭松属４种２龄针叶的６个燃烧性因子,并用层次分析的两两比较法分析认为,美国黄松针叶燃烧性差,油松、黑松、白皮松叶燃烧性较强。     

华山松木蠹象有效积温的初步研究

经室内自然变温条件下,对华山松木蠢象各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温进行测定。据此,分别提出该虫卵、幼虫、蛹和一世代的有效积温预测式卵N=124．15±25．77/[T-(9．83±2．64)],幼虫N=201．86±56．3/[T-(19．58±0．86)],蛹N=255．71±39．14/[T-(12．06±1．41)],一世代N=522．14±14．58/[T-(19．38±0．87)]。本研究为有效防治华山松木蠢象提供科学依据。     

广州市酸雨对不同森林冠层淋溶规律的研究

１９９８年４月至１９９９年３月对广州市白云山马尾松林和常绿阔叶林、广州市龙眼洞马尾松林两试验点进行了酸雨的监测,并测定和分析了林内穿透雨物理量及化学量,旨在探讨酸雨对不同森林冠层养分淋溶规律的影响。结果表明：（１）广州市酸雨占次数的７９．７％或占降雨量的９５．１％。（２）酸雨通过林冠层后,ｐＨ值明显增加。（３）在马尾松林和常绿阔叶林中,某些单次降雨出现ＳＯ４＾２－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＮＨ４＾＋Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎａ＾＋的负淋溶现象,说明森林对这些离子（特别是ＮＯ３＾－、Ａａ＾３＋）具有吸收作用;阔叶林全年的ＮＯ３＾－和Ａｌ＾３＋净淋溶为负值,说明阔叶林比马尾松林对这两种离子具有更强的吸收能力。（４）雨水酸度增加（即ｐＨ值减小）,明显提高阳离子Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋和Ｎａ＾＋冠层淋溶面分率。（５）ＮＨ４＾＋、ＳＯ４＾     

辽东地区赤松落针病病原真菌的分类鉴定

对辽东主要地区发生落针病的赤松针叶上采集病害标本,室内进行分类鉴定,确定了在赤松针叶上有5种真菌,均是活体寄生。按照Minter（1981）分类标准进行了形态学种的分类鉴定,最后确定了5种真菌的分类地位,5个种分别为针叶树散斑壳菌、松散斑壳菌、光亮散斑壳菌、雪松散斑壳、小环绵盘菌。其中有3个种为我国赤松寄主上新记录种。     

Exotic Pinus carbaea causes soil quality to deteriorate on former abandoned land compared to an indigenous Podocarpus plantation in the tropical forest area of southern China

Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2 m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared to abandoned land (DI = –262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI = –194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI = –358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural regeneration, can improve soil quality.     

山西太岳山天然油松林主要木本植物种群结构及空间分布格局研究

油松是暖温带落叶阔叶林区的代表性树种之一,是我国北方地区重要的造林绿化树种。研究了太岳山林区天然油松林主要木本植物种群的径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明:油松种群由于缺乏幼苗幼树,径级结构呈倒金字塔型,属衰退型种群;辽东栎、青楷槭等5种阔叶树种种群的径级结构呈纺锤形,属进展种群。油松、辽东栎、杨树、山杏、山楂在整个尺度范围内呈集群分布;白桦与茶条槭在小尺度范围呈明显的集群分布,在中、大尺度变成随机分布;青楷槭在中尺度范围呈随机分布,但是小尺度和大尺度呈集群分布;五角枫在整个尺度上呈随机分布的趋势;赤杨在尺度变化过程中由集群分布变成均匀分布。上层阔叶树和下层阔叶树呈集群分布的趋势,但下层阔叶树随尺度的变化由集群分布变成随机分布。种群的空间分布格局是物种的生物学、生态学特性及其自然环境长期作用的结果,是种群的一种生存策略或适应机制。     

马尾松造纸工艺林合理造林密度的研究

５年生马尾松造纸工艺林密度试验结果表明：平均树高受造林密度的影响较小，在一定密度范围内平均胸径随造林密度的增大而减小；单位面积的材积、生物量随造林密度的增大而增大；综合林分生长、生物量结构和经济效益等因素，马尾松造纸工艺林造林密度３３３３株／ｈｍ２较为经济合理。