辽东地区赤松落针病病原真菌的分类鉴定

对辽东主要地区发生落针病的赤松针叶上采集病害标本,室内进行分类鉴定,确定了在赤松针叶上有5种真菌,均是活体寄生。按照Minter（1981）分类标准进行了形态学种的分类鉴定,最后确定了5种真菌的分类地位,5个种分别为针叶树散斑壳菌、松散斑壳菌、光亮散斑壳菌、雪松散斑壳、小环绵盘菌。其中有3个种为我国赤松寄主上新记录种。     

山西太岳山天然油松林主要木本植物种群结构及空间分布格局研究

油松是暖温带落叶阔叶林区的代表性树种之一,是我国北方地区重要的造林绿化树种。研究了太岳山林区天然油松林主要木本植物种群的径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明:油松种群由于缺乏幼苗幼树,径级结构呈倒金字塔型,属衰退型种群;辽东栎、青楷槭等5种阔叶树种种群的径级结构呈纺锤形,属进展种群。油松、辽东栎、杨树、山杏、山楂在整个尺度范围内呈集群分布;白桦与茶条槭在小尺度范围呈明显的集群分布,在中、大尺度变成随机分布;青楷槭在中尺度范围呈随机分布,但是小尺度和大尺度呈集群分布;五角枫在整个尺度上呈随机分布的趋势;赤杨在尺度变化过程中由集群分布变成均匀分布。上层阔叶树和下层阔叶树呈集群分布的趋势,但下层阔叶树随尺度的变化由集群分布变成随机分布。种群的空间分布格局是物种的生物学、生态学特性及其自然环境长期作用的结果,是种群的一种生存策略或适应机制。     

Exotic Pinus carbaea causes soil quality to deteriorate on former abandoned land compared to an indigenous Podocarpus plantation in the tropical forest area of southern China

Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2 m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared to abandoned land (DI = –262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI = –194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI = –358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural regeneration, can improve soil quality.     

细梢小卷蛾各虫态及生物学特性观察研究

2011年4月至2012年1月,为进一步弄清细梢小卷蛾生物、生态学特性,在连续多年受细梢小卷蛾危害的云南会泽县大海乡海拔2 800 m以上的华山松林分内,对其虫态、生活史以及卵期、幼虫及蛹期、成虫期的生物学特性进行了观察研究,并藉此提出了防治建议。     

气候变化对黄山区域生物多样性保护的影响与对策

以黄山区域自然保护区为研究对象,利用黄山50年气象观测数据分析气候变化趋势和主要特征,总结、分析、评估与预测气候变化对生物多样性的影响和潜在威胁。结果表明：①50年来黄山区域年均气温总体呈上升趋势,气候正趋变暖,但局部期间也有震荡现象。特别是20世纪90年代以来,气温升高比较显著;②黄山年降水总趋势呈波动性减少,减少率为-2．28mm／年。上世纪90年代以后,降水偏多,21世纪初降水显著偏少;近20年来极端天气发生频繁,未来有些极端事件的发生频数还可能会更高。③气候变暖会加剧病虫害的流行及黄山森林的脆弱性,改变森林结构与分布,致使多数森林群落生产力趋于下降,使动、植物物候产生了不同程度的响应。气温升高和降水模式的变化可能导致松材线虫等外来物种产生快速扩散与大规模入侵,致使黄山松受到严重威胁。     

辐射松种子不同营养袋规格育苗试验研究

经过连续3 a对辐射松种苗特性及育苗技术的试验研究的结果表明：营养袋规格：10 cm×15 cm,营养土配方为腐殖含量50％的平均苗高23.2 cm,平均地径0.3 c m,达到一级苗标准.     

Crack formation due to weathering of radial and tangential sections of pine and spruce

Abstract

The development of cracks and changes in appearance have been investigated on radial and tangential sections of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after exposure outdoors for 61 months. The degradation of the sections has also been studied at the micro-level. The annual ring orientation was the most important factor affecting crack development on weathering. After 61 months of outdoor exposure, the tangential sections of spruce had 1.7–2.2 times greater mean total crack length per area unit than the corresponding radial sections. In pine, the total crack length per area unit on the tangential sections was 2.2–2.6 times greater than that on the radial sections. Tangential and radial sections show the same colour change as a result of weathering. Tangential sections have more and deeper cracks than radial surfaces. The cracks on the tangential sections occur frequently in both earlywood and latewood. On radial sections, cracks occur primarily at the annual ring borders, but to a certain extent also in the earlywood. Decomposition of the cell wall takes place in both radial and tangential cell walls, and cracks tend to follow the fibril orientation in the S2-layer of the cell wall. The radial cell wall of the earlywood has a large number of pits which are degraded at an early stage.     

思茅松容器苗嫁接技术试验研究

2012~2013年,在普洱市林科所开展了思茅松嫁接试验,对砧木采用容器育苗,穗条采自优树收集圃,嫁接方法为侧劈接法。分析认为,在嫁接削面长度试验中,成活率最高的是8 cm,成活率达94%;月份嫁接试验中,成活率最高的月份是5月份和10月份,成活率分别为93%和92%。     

油松容器苗育苗期的施肥试验

利用油松容器苗,进行了氮、磷、钾配比施肥对苗木生长量、生物量和苗木质量的影响试验研究。结果表明,不同施肥处理对油松容器苗各项生长指标均存在显著性差异：氮、磷、钾平衡施肥能够促进油松容器苗的生长量,通过6个配方的施肥试验,筛选出配方试验2（氮、磷、钾比例为2∶1∶1）和配方试验3（氮、磷、钾比例为2∶1∶2）最佳,其苗木质量指数分别为1.18和1.10。     

马尾松光合生理特性及资源利用效率研究进展

马尾松是我国南方生态恢复与重建的先锋树种,具有耐干旱、耐贫瘠及速生丰产等优点,其人工林在我国森林资源总量中占举足轻重的位置,但纯林的养分循环差,易导致生产力低下;而研究马尾松光合生理特性及资源利用效率可以为马尾松人工林生产力的提高提供坚实的理论基础。文中综述马尾松光合生理特性及资源利用效率的研究进展,分析逆境胁迫对其光合生理特性及资源利用效率的影响,包括水分胁迫、热胁迫、酸雨胁迫、低磷胁迫及铝胁迫等。在全球变化背景下,研究马尾松光合生理特性与资源利用效率及其对逆境胁迫的响应,对于制定马尾松的管理与保护策略、挖掘其抗性潜力具有重要意义,可为马尾松林分生产力的提升及纯林改良策略的制定提供理论参考。