Effect of Olive Leaves or Marigold Petal Extract on Oxidative Stress,Gut Fermentative Activity,and Mucosa Morphology in Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet Rich in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats

An experiment in broilers was conducted to investigate the effect of olive (Olea europea) leaves and marigold (Calendula officinalis) petal extract supplementation on oxidative stress, characteristics of intestinal contents, and on the morphology of the small intestine. Oxidative stress was induced by a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich diet. 1-day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308, were housed in a deep litter system. After the first 21 days, animals were randomly divided into three groups of 16 animals in two replicates and fed, until slaughter on day 39, a diet that contained 7% linseed oil. Control diet (Cont) remained unsupplemented, while both experimental diets were supplemented with olive leaves (OliveEx) or marigold petal (MarigEx) extracts. Oxidative stress was evaluated in blood and liver by measuring markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA), isoprostanes), rate of DNA damage in lymphocytes and in blood (comet assay, 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and activity of antioxidant and liver enzymes in blood. In different parts of the intestine, levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and viscosity of intestinal contents were measured, and the health of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed using histological measurements. OliveEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the MDA and 8-OHdG concentration in plasma, and the level of ethanoic acid in small intestinal contents and total SCFA in caecum, indicating improved oxidative status and increased microbial activity in the intestine. MarigEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the rate of lymphocyte DNA damage and the crypt depth in duodenum, indicating potentially beneficial effects on the immune system and the health of the small intestine. In conclusion, dietary OliveEx and MarigEx supplementation improved some markers of oxidative stress and intestinal health. However, positive effects could be more pronounced in more unfavorable environmental conditions or in cases of diseases, but further studies are needed.     

色素万寿菊与香瓜套作丰产栽培技术研究

通过菊瓜"3+1+3"立体丰产栽培方式,获得色素万寿菊平均产量3842.5kg/667m2,比对照增产28%,香瓜产量2100kg/667m2,菊瓜套作纯效益3883.6元/667m2,达到了菊瓜双赢的效果。     

色素添食技术在彩色茧生产中应用的研究进展

利用色素添食技术生产家蚕彩色茧，存在着三大需要攻克的难题。第一是色彩的深度、纯度如何提高的问题；第二是提高彩色茧的色牢度问题；第三是彩色茧色彩种类如何丰富的问题。经研究发现，利用色素添食技术生产家蚕彩色茧，其彩茧的深度、纯度以及色牢度与色素、蚕品种、添食方法、环境有直接的关系，色素的有效成分高低、浓度大小等起决定因素。     

响应面法优化超声波提取山核桃壳色素工艺

以长白山野生核桃壳为原料提取棕色素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化超声波提取山核桃壳色素工艺,并建立回归模型。结果表明,V(溶液)∶m(山核桃壳)(液料比)=17 mL∶1 g、乙醇体积分数50%、超声功率152 W,山核桃壳色素吸光度的预测值为0.801,通过优化方案的验证实验得出色素的吸光度为0.799。与常规水浴法提取山核桃壳色素相比,超声辅助法的提取效果更好。     

遮荫对两种彩叶灌木叶形、叶色的影响

以金叶女贞(Ligustrum×vicaryi)和红花檵木(Lorpetalum chindense var.rubrum)为试验材料,研究不同遮荫处理下两种彩叶灌木叶形、叶色及色素变化。结果表明:随遮荫程度加大,两种灌木的叶面积逐渐缩小,叶形均由长条形向椭圆形变化。不同遮荫处理都对叶色变化有显著影响,金叶女贞由明亮的金黄色变为暗绿色,红花檵木由暗红褐色向红褐色转化,红色变浅;遮荫使两种灌木的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量升高,与遮荫程度呈正相关;随遮阴程度加强,金叶女贞类胡萝卜素含量逐渐下降,红花檵木类胡萝卜素含量逐渐上升;遮荫时间越长,红花檵木的叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量越低,但遮荫时间不影响金叶女贞色素含量。遮荫程度可显著降低两种灌木叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,其可溶性糖含量也表现了出差异性,含量均下降。     

食用苋菜红色素的提取和稳定性研究

本文介绍苋菜 (Amaranth)所含红色素的提取条件和工艺过程 ;研究了该色素对酸碱、光热、氧化剂与还原剂以及重金属离子的稳定性     

黑果枸杞色素对小鼠的抗脂质过氧化活性的研究

以4—6周龄小鼠为研究对象,通过给小鼠饲喂黑果枸杞色素,测定小鼠红细胞、肝细胞以及全血中SOD活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,并检测黑果枸杞色素对脂质过氧化产物MDA生成的影响和血清MDA及脑内脂褐素含量的变化,观察黑果枸杞色素对小鼠的抗脂质过氧化的活性作用,探讨黑果枸杞色素的抗衰老作用。结果显示,试验组红细胞SOD活性、全血GSH—Px活性及血清GSH—Px／MDA明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,MDA明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。说明黑果枸杞色素具有抗氧化活性。     

万寿菊×孔雀草杂交育种及杂种不育性的研究

本文对万寿菊与孔雀草杂交育种进行了研究,以万寿菊雄性不育系为母本,孔雀草为父本,进行杂交,选育子代不育的、且具有远缘杂种优势的组合。结果,选出2个不育组合ACHY021×PBHO026和ACHY021×PBH0029,并对亲子代的性状(株高、株型、花型、抗性、花期、花朵数、花器等)进行分析得出,F1代的株型、根茎颜色、花型、花色,表现为父本孔雀草性状;而叶型、叶色、茎粗壮程度表现为母本万寿菊性状;超亲性状为花径、抗性、生长势;对杂种花器观察表明,雄蕊、雌蕊都表现不正常,子代表现高度的不育。对亲本及子代的染色体鉴定得出:万寿菊2n=2x=24,孔雀草2n=4x=48,二者杂交子代2n=3x=36,说明此2个组合的子代不育是3倍体造成的,从而为万寿菊开辟多倍体育种的新途径。     

不同浓度复合肥叶面喷施对万寿菊生长的影响

试验选用万寿菊（Tagetes erecta L）‘99146’品种为材料,采用“宝力丰”复合肥进行叶面喷施,共设置7个施用水平：0.1‰ 、1．5‰、2‰、4‰、8‰、10‰,分析了不同施肥水平对万寿菊植株的株高、茎的红化程度、叶总面积、侧枝数、花朵数、单花直径、花千鲜重等的影响。试验结果表明：叶面喷施复合肥浓度为8‰的,对万寿菊的生长发育有着显著的促进作用,其植株生长健壮,花期提前且鲜花产量较高。建议在实际生产中采用8‰复合肥叶面喷施。     

色素万寿菊试管苗玻璃化控制的研究

以色素万寿菊带腋芽的茎段为外植体,研究离体快繁中蔗糖、AgNO₃、琼脂、植物凝胶、活性炭及不同封口材料对芽增殖及玻璃苗产生的影响。结果显示：30 g/L蔗糖适合万寿菊幼苗的生长,玻璃化率随蔗糖浓度（10~60 g/L）的增加而减少,60 g/L的蔗糖玻璃化率仅9.13%;AgNO₃有抑制玻璃苗发生作用,5.0 g/L AgNO₃可使玻璃化率低至9.81%;活性炭的用量对玻璃化影响最为明显,5.0 g/L活性炭可使玻璃化率高达38.18%;琼脂和植物凝胶对芽的增殖及玻璃化发生表现相同的趋势,低浓度时有利于芽的增殖,高浓度可有效防止玻璃化发生,10 g/L的琼脂玻璃化率低至8.31%;2.0 g/L的植物凝胶芽增殖系数高达3.35,5.0 g/L植物凝胶玻璃化率低至6.67%;棉花塞+双层牛皮纸+棉线封口时,芽增殖系数高达3.24,玻璃化率低至8.46%。