Study on the Resistance Induced by Salicylic Acid Against Phytophthora capsici in Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Pepper Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici L. is the most destructive disease for reducing pepper yields in the world. Building up varietal resistance and induced resistance to the disease are of agricultural importance. In this paper, the disease resistance induced by salicylic acid (SA) against P. capsici were studied by using four hot pepper lines with different resistant abilities and one P. capsici strain with middle pathogenicity. Results show that SA could induce significantly the resistance of pepper seedlings to P. capsici, but CaC12, KH2PO4 and VAM couldn't. SA at a relative low concentration from 0.15 to 0.3 g L-1 had no antifungal activity in vitro against P. capsici. That means the disease resistant enhancement of the plants treated with SA is due to the induction effect, but not the antifungal effect of SA. About 1 to 5 days internal between SA-treatment and challenge inoculation was sufficient to induce the disease resistance of hot pepper. The resistance could remain more than 20 days after treatment with SA.     

水杨酸诱导辣椒抗疫病生化机制的研究

对水杨酸(SA)处理及其挑战接种辣椒疫霉菌的4个抗性不同的辣椒品系体内木质素含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的测定结果表明:SA诱导的供试品系与未经诱导的相同品系相比,木质素含量增高,PPO、POD、PAL活性增强,其中木质素的含量与抗病性呈显著正相关;挑战接种后两者相比,SA处理的供试材料的木质素含量和PPO、POD、PAL活性的增强幅度更大,其中抗、耐病品系的增加早且增加幅度高于感病、高感品系。值得注意的是,经SA诱导的各供试品系接种后木质素含量与抗病性也呈显著相关。木质素含量与相关酶活性的上述变化趋势与SA对各品系的诱抗效果完全吻合。     

辣椒疫霉交配型及其与对辣椒致病力的关系初步研究

采用单孢菌落直接配对法对来自安徽合肥、淮南、和县、潜山、岳西等县市的发病辣椒上分离鉴定获得22个辣椒疫霉菌株进行交配型测定,并采用离体叶片接种法测定了辣椒疫霉不同菌株的致病力。结果表明,安徽省辣椒疫霉菌存在A1和A2两种交配型,以A2占优势,均有分布,发生频率达81.8%。不同来源菌株对2个辣椒品种的致病力存在显著差异,各菌株对艳阳离体叶的平均病级范围为1.0～4.8,对合丰天瑞离体叶的平均病级范围为1.5～4.5。不同地区的菌株致病力有强弱之分,同一地区中不同菌株的致病力也存在一定的差异性。辣椒疫霉菌的致病力与品种之间存在互作关系,菌株的交配型与致病力无明显的相关性。     

Biological characteristics of strain F603 of Epicoccom sp., an antagonistic fungus for controlling Phytophthora infestans

Factors influencing vegetative growth and spore germination of strain F603 of Epicoccom sp., an antagonistic fungus for Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, were studied. Among the different growth media tested, Rye agar was the best medium for its vegetative growth. The range of temperature and pH value for mycelial growth was 5–35°C and 2–12, respectively, with the optimum 25°C and 6–9, respectively. The fungus grew better in Czapek medium with maltose and dextrose as carbon sources and peptone, KNO₃, and NaNO₃ as nitrogen sources. The range of temperature for spore germination of strain F603 was 5–35°C, the optimum was 20°C. The range of temperature for sporulation was 10–30°C, and the optimum was 15–18°C.     

6株生防放线菌对辣椒疫霉的皿内拮抗研究

采用琼脂块法研究了6株生防放线菌在不同培养基、培养时间及紫外线处理等多种条件下对2株辣椒疫霉的皿内拮抗作用。结果表明,6株放线菌(10号除外)在供试培养基上的拮抗性表现为PDA>黄豆粉>腐殖酸,PDA琼脂培养基可作为辣椒疫霉生防放线菌的筛选培养基;6株放线菌不同培养时间对辣椒疫霉的抗菌活性表现为13d>20d>7d,以培养13d时的拮抗效果较好;6株拮抗放线菌对陕西岐山辣椒疫霉P4的拮抗效果均优于青海辣椒疫霉P3菌株;用紫外线直接照射拮抗性放线菌琼脂块,不能准确地指示放线菌分泌的抗生素化学结构是否稳定,还需提取发酵产物进行紫外线照射处理加以判断。     

马铃薯晚疫病(Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary)的流行和防治研究

1997年做了田间试验用来评价影响马铃薯晚疫病流行的关键天气条件.在Reckenholz做了2个试验研究晚疫病的潜伏期和侵染速率.结果表明,当累计有效积温达到2346.5℃·h时,孢子囊开始在马铃薯叶片出现.温度是影响晚疫病流行的重要因子.病害侵染的重要条件是温度超过10℃并且在连续6h内空气相对湿度大于90%.降雨在病害传播中发挥了重要作用.根据PhytoPRE和CWC两个决策支持系统所采取的病害防治取得了较好的病害防治效果.     

几种化学药剂防治番茄晚疫病的研究

通过对7种进口杀菌剂和2种国产杀菌剂的室内毒力测定,筛选出64%杀毒矾可湿性粉剂、72%霜霉疫净可湿性粉剂和50%倍得利可湿性粉剂对番茄晚疫病抑菌力最强,EC50分别为2.3029、7.9795、7.9807μg/ml,EC95分别为39.1720、147.5341、56.8432μg/ml。田间药效试验结果表明,64%杀毒矾可湿性粉剂500～800倍液、50%倍得利可湿性粉剂500倍液和72%霜霉疫净可湿性粉剂500倍液能有效防治保护地番茄晚疫病,番茄花期喷施2次,防效均在85%以上。     

Phytophthora sojae Races in Northeast of China and Virulence Evaluation of the Isolates

42 isolates of P. sojae were obtained from diseased soybean plants in 9 counties of Heilongjiang Province and 1 county of Jilin Province in Northeast of China. 11 isolates were classified into 3 races ;the rest that could not be classified due to intermediate reactions were classified into 12 virulence types, suggesting virulence diversity of P. sojae in China. Isolates represented race 1,3 and 8. Race 1 was the most prevalent one.and races 3 and 8 were the first report in China. Our results suggest P. sojae is aboriginal in China.     

转NDR1基因烟草对赤星病和晚疫病的抗性增强

 NDR1(nonrace-specific disease resistance)基因在植物系统获得性抗性的信号传导途径中起着重要的作用,过量表达该基因的拟南芥对不同病原菌的抗性都有提高。利用PCR技术首次克隆了拟南芥Wassilewskija生态型的NDR1基因,与Columbia生态型相比,该基因共有7处碱基不同,引起编码氨基酸变化4处。构建了植物高效表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,经PCR和Southern鉴定,外源基因已整合到植物基因组中。随机挑选10个转基因株系进行抗病性分析,其中3个株系对赤星病和晚疫病的抗性明显增强。     

宝珠梨疫腐病病原菌研究

 宝珠梨疫腐病是云南省的一种新记录病害,其病原菌为恶疫霉Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert et Cohn) Schrot.适宜恶疫霉分离培养的培养基是番茄汁培养基、V8汁培养基和PDA培养基。适宜恶疫霉生长的pH值范围在3～10之间,最适pH值为5～6,适宜生长的温度范围为在10～30℃之间,最适生长的温度为20～25℃. 恶疫霉对果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖等碳源的利用好于其它碳源,对酵母膏、天门冬酰胺、牛肉膏等氮源的利用好于其它氮源。