商陆中三萜皂苷类成分抗烟草花叶病毒活性研究

从垂序商陆中筛选具有抗烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)活性的小分子化合物,为开发高效、低毒和环境友好的天然抗病毒剂提供依据。通过现代化分离、纯化技术,采用活性追踪的方法,对采自于贵州省的垂序商陆中的化学成分进行抗TMV活性逐级筛选,获得了两个抗TM V活性较强的三萜皂苷类化合物—商陆皂苷丁和商陆皂苷H,利用光谱解析手段确定了化合物的结构。生物活性测定结果表明:商陆皂苷丁和商陆皂苷H均具有一定的活体钝化与抑制病毒增殖作用,其中活体钝化及病毒增殖抑制作用均强于对照药物宁南霉素。该研究首次发现垂序商陆中的三萜皂苷类化合物具有抗TMV的活性,为下一步系统研究该种植物提供了科学依据。     

Establishing American sycamore seedlings on land irrigated with paper mill sludge

A study was established to evaluate several management practices for improving American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) establishment on land subjected to daily paper-mill sludge spray irrigation, and where a dense herbaceous cover dominated by pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) was nearly 2 m tall. Treatments studied included: two sludge application treatments (spray vs no spray), five weed control treatments (control, hand-release, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate and atrazine, and sulfometuron methyl), and two tree shelter treatments (control vs tree shelter). Survival and growth of sycamore seedlings were evaluated after one growing season. Sludge application treatment had the greatest effect on tree survival; survival was greatest on plots that were not sprayed during the year of tree growth. Among the weed control treatments, the hand-release treatment resulted in best survival; survival was 100% when hand release was used on unsprayed plots. Tree shelters provided no benefit to tree establishment.     

从中国商陆分离的PacPAP基因转化番茄对TMV的抗性研究

以中国商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)叶片为材料,经PCR从基因组扩增克隆缺失无毒型抗病毒蛋白基因.采用叶盘法转化番茄,对转基因植株T1代摩擦接种TMV,50d后统计发病情况.结果表明:克隆得到缺失无毒型PAP基因PacPAP,大小为714bp,与美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白基因的同源性为99.7%,GenBank登陆号为AY603353;得到PacPAP整合入番茄基因组中的阳性植株11株,检测的4个转基因番茄株系均达到抗病级别,对照为感病.     

商陆果实色素性质的研究

对商陆果实色素提取物进行光谱和耐酸碱性、耐光热性及耐氧化性试验。结果表明,该色素呈紫红色,吸收高峰为５２３ｎｍ,水溶性好,对碱、氧化剂不稳定,耐光性较差。但对酸、热稳定性高,可作为一种食用色素使用。     

垂序商陆幼苗及其过渡区维管系统的解剖学研究

采用常规石蜡制片手段对垂序商陆幼苗进行形态解剖学研究.结果表明:垂序商陆幼苗类型为木兰型.根的初生结构由表皮、皮层和中柱组成,四原型;茎由表皮、皮层和维管柱构成,维管柱包括维管束、髓和髓射线3部分;子叶叶肉分化不明显,初生叶栅栏组织和海绵组织较为发达;幼苗过渡区维管系统属于“根—下胚轴—子叶”形式,过渡区位于下胚轴基部.     

镉胁迫对商陆生理指标的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度的镉胁迫对商陆生理指标的变化。[方法]以商陆（Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.）为材料,通过温室盆栽的方式,研究其在0、10、25、50和100 mg/kg镉处理下部分生理指标的变化。[结果]在浓度小于10 mg/kg时,商陆叶片中叶绿素a含量和可溶性蛋白的含量、CAT和POD活性随浓度的增加而增大;而当浓度大于10 mg/kg时,商陆叶片中叶绿素a含量和可溶性蛋白的含量、CAT和POD活性随浓度的增加而降低;商陆叶片中MDA含量随镉浓度的升高而增大;叶绿素b含量、可溶性糖的含量则随着镉浓度的升高而下降。[结论]商陆能够通过调节体内抗氧化酶系统的活性,并保持其较高的水平以抵御镉胁迫造成的危害,从而保护了细胞膜的稳定性和完整性,显示了其超积累植物的特性。     

铜胁迫下垂序商陆的生长响应和铜富集特性

通过盆栽试验,分析垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana L.)在Cu胁迫下生长响应及其对Cu的富集特性。结果表明,低浓度Cu处理对垂序商陆生长具有一定的促进作用,在Cu≥900mg/kg时胁迫作用才明显表现,株高和根长开始降低,且耐性系数均>0.8,表明垂序商陆对Cu有较强的耐性。植株地上部和根部Cu的最高含量分别为74.74mg/kg和44.58mg/kg。植株地上部和根部Cu的最高累积量分别为134.59μg/株和107.47μg/株。除Cu最高浓度处理外(1 200mg/kg),各处理迁移系数均大于1,表明垂序商陆有较强的将Cu从根部转运到地上部的能力。     

美洲商陆水浸提液对4种作物的化感效应

以高粱、水稻、油菜、萝卜4种作物的种子为受体,研究4种浓度的美洲商陆地上部水浸提液处理T1(0.5mg/mL)、T2(1.0 mg/mL)、T3(2.0 mg/mL)、T4(4.0 mg/mL)和4种浓度的美洲商陆地下部水浸提液处理C1(0.5 mg/mL)、C2(1.0 mg/mL)、C3(2.0 mg/mL)、C4(4.0 mg/mL)对4种作物的萌发指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明:低浓度(0.5、1.0 mg/mL)美洲商陆地上部和地下部水浸提液可促进4种作物种子的萌发,高浓度(2.0、4.0 mg/mL)则抑制种子萌发;各处理对受体幼苗的根长、苗长有抑制作用,且随浓度升高,抑制作用增强;美洲商陆地上部、地下部水浸提液可降低4种作物幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,同时提高了丙二醛(MDA)的含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。由此可知,美洲商陆地上部和地下部水浸提液对高粱、水稻、油菜、萝卜具有明显的化感作用。     

Genetic diversity and differentiation in Ethiopian populations of Phytolacca dodecandra as revealed by AFLP and RAPD analyses

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed on six populations (a total of 89 individuals) of Phytolacca dodecandra (endod) collected in Ethiopia. The populations were selected based on our previous investigation to represent two altitude groups: lowland/central-highland (1600–2500 m) and highland (2501–3000 m). A total of 197 AFLP and 68 RAPD markers were scored from 5 primer pairs and 12 random primers, respectively. The overall patterns obtained for AFLPs and RAPDs from diversity, cluster and principal component analyses were very comparable. However, the moderate correlation (r = 0.56) between AFLP and RAPD similarity matrices as well as the discrepancies in diversity estimates between the two techniques in some populations and in the lowland/central-highland plants could be due to differences in sensitivity of reaction conditions, bias in scoring of bands, number of markers used for analyses, and/or parts of the genome surveyed. For both AFLP and RAPD, the lowland/central-highland populations showed higher polymorphism and Shannon information measure (H) than the highlands. Cluster and principal component analyses performed for both marker types have also clearly demonstrated the differentiation of all the lowland/central highland plants from those of the highlands, in agreement with our previous conclusion. Markers scored from any of the five AFLP primer pairs were sufficient to clearly distinguish the two altitude groups; with RAPD, selection of about 8 informative markers produced by seven random primers was needed for the same purpose.     

外源亚精胺对受重金属污染的城市污泥植物修复的影响

研究外施浓度为1mmol/L的亚精胺（spd）对美洲商陆修复受重金属污染城市污泥的影响。结果表明,外施spd能使美洲商陆根系生长及其生物量均增加1.5倍以上;同时能增加叶绿素a的含量和叶绿素总量,减少叶绿素的流失。外施1mmol/L spd还能明显促进美洲商陆各器官对城市污泥中Cd、Hg重金属的吸收、转运和富集,但对Cu和Zn的吸收差异不明显。上述结果表明,spd增强了美洲商陆对Cd、Hg污染的城市污泥的修复作用,并在一定程度上缓解了城市污泥中Cd2＋、Hg2＋对美洲商陆的毒害作用。