Phylogenetic study and molecular identification of 31 Dendrobium species using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

The genetic diversity of the genus Dendrobium is not well known and the phylogenetic relationship of Dendrobium species are mainly determined by studies of the comparative vegetative anatomy and plant systematics. In the present study, we used the technique of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among 31 Dendrobium species from Yunnan region of China. In total, 2368 bands were amplified by 17 ISSR primers, resulting from 278 ISSR loci with 100% polymorphism at genus level. Thirty-one species were unequivocally distinguished based on ISSR fingerprinting. Species-specific ISSR markers were identified in nine of 31 tested Dendrobium species. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) showed that 31 Dendrobium species were grouped into six clusters, indicating the genus was polyphyletic with several well-supported lineages. The high polymorphism and reliable amplification across species demonstrated the utility of ISSR marker for species diagnosis and genetic diversity study of the genus Dendrobium.     

6个新疆矮化核桃品种的指纹图谱构建及亲缘关系分析

以8个核桃品种叶片为材料,利用ISSR技术,从100条ISSR引物中筛选出2条对8份DNA进行PCR扩增,共扩增位点34个,其中多态位点24个(比例达70.58%),构建出8个核桃品种的数字化指纹图谱。以NTSYSpc2.1软件计算品种指纹图谱的相似系数(GS)并进行(UPGMA)聚类分析,样品间的GS在0.54～0.94之间,在GS=0.64处将8个核桃品种分成2组:第一组母本为‘扎343’(1号),矮化品种有‘新温724’(4号)和‘新温908’(5号);第二组母本为‘新早丰’(2号),矮化品种有‘新温609’(3号)、‘新温915’(6号)、‘新温916’(7号)和‘新温917’(8号),与田间表现基本一致。     

Phylogenetic relationships in Origanum spp. based on rDNA sequences and intra-genetic variation of Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum revealed by RAPD

Origanum species are among the most widely spread herbs in the Mediterranean basin. Eventhough they are used as a spice, evaluation of their genetic diversity and evolution has only recently drawn attention. In order to study phylogenetic relationships, 14 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 clones belonging to the most common Origanum species were sequenced and a parsimony tree was constructed, using the approximate likelihood ratio test. All Origanum species were clearly separated from allied genera of the Mentheae tribe while a clear distinction between the Greek and the Spanish accessions was revealed. In addition the germplasm variability of the most common Greek oregano (O. vulgare subsp. hirtum) was investigated using the RAPD markers. The use of 10 random decamers resulted in 133 unambiguous and reproducible bands detected across 27 entries. Two main groups were identified by the UPGMA clustering using Jaccard's similarity coefficient, and major genetic dissimilarities among Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations and O. onites/O. virens species were detected. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic variability is distributed mainly within populations; however, significant Φ_st values were detected between different geographical localities, supporting noteworthy genetic differentiation among O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations.     

世界苹果属植物的起源演化研究新进展

引用了瓦维诺夫Ｎ．Ｉ．Ｖａｖｉｌｏｖ,兰格菲尔德Ｖ．Ｔ．Ｌａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄ,斯泰司Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｔａｃｅ 及俞德浚等关于苹果属等植物种、属起源和演化的学说,结合作者对世界苹果属植物今昔的自然分布和分类的研究工作,论证了世界苹果属植物的起源演化的中心位于中国的西南四川、云南、贵州三省。但不是苹果属的祖先种皆起源于该地或亚洲东南的亚热带地区,有不少种是直接起源于今天的北温带—它们过去在第三纪曾经有过亚热带气候。作者认为兰格菲尔德所作关于苹果属植物起源演化的系统发育树图谱中的六个分枝,都是指的次生遗传基因中心,而苹果属植物的初生遗传多样化中心是与其近缘的花揪属、梨属和山楂属相融合的。由于苹果属现代大多数的种都集中在中国西南云、贵、川三省,其中含有古老的多胜海棠等种类,因此将该地区视为苹果属的初生基因中心,是符合Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｔａｃｅ 和Ｖ．Ｔ．Ｌａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄ 关于属的起源中心定位学说的,但苹果属古代的起源中心位置是否与现代起源中心位置相符,值得再行研究     

番茄种质资源亲缘关系的SSR分析

采用25对SSR特异引物对20份番茄材料进行分析,其中21对引物扩增出条带,18对引物具有多态性,扩增出的66条谱带中有52条具有多态性,多态率为78.8%。遗传距离分析结果表明：20份番茄材料两两间的遗传距离（GD）在1.489 2～9.180 6之间,遗传距离大于7的育种材料共有18份,其中No.1与No.15之间的遗传距离最大,为9.180 6。以遗传相似系数0.67为标准可将20份番茄育种材料划分为4大类。     

偏肿革裥菌系统发育与Lg-mnp2和Lg-mnp3基因克隆及结构特征

白腐菌偏肿革裥菌Lenzites gibbosa能分泌降解木质素的锰过氧化物酶(MnPs),为进一步鉴定试验菌株,对菌株L. gibbosa CB1进行了ITS序列(Gen Bank登录号为JF279440)扩增与测序,并进行了基于ITS序列的比对与系统发育分析,结果表明CB1与桦革裥菌L. betulina和栓菌属Trametes等相关白腐菌的亲缘关系较近而聚类在一起,并与24个同种其他菌株的ITS序列覆盖度在85%～97%期间内的相似性都为99%,说明该菌株为偏肿革裥菌。为了获得该菌株多个编码MnP家族的基因,从而为研究MnP基因的表达调控奠定序列结构的基础,根据已知白腐菌MnPs基因保守区和已经扩增出的基因片段设计引物,以L. gibbosa CB1的基因组DNA和总RNA为模板,采用PCR、RT-PCR、RACE及染色体步移等方法,克隆到该菌株编码MnP2和MnP3的全长c DNA和DNA基因(Gen Bank登录号分别为JQ388597、JN571114; JQ411249、JN571116),分别命名为Lg-mnp2和Lg-mnp3。2个基因DNA全长分别为2 869、3 992 bp,都含有6个外显子和5个内含子;其启动子区域都含有TATA-Box、CAAT-Box、AP2、MRE等顺式作用元件,Lg-mnp2还含有AP1,Lg-mnp3还含有HSE;其c DNA基因分别含有50、52 bp的5'UTR,150、249 bp的3'UTR和1098、1 101 bp的完整开放阅读框ORF,分别编码了365、366个氨基酸的蛋白质多肽前体(Gen Bank登录号分别为AFC37493、AFC37494),成熟的Lg-mnp2蛋白含有339个氨基酸,比Lg-MnP1蛋白(Gen Bank登录号为ACO92620)多1个氨基酸;成熟的Lg-mnp3蛋白含有340个氨基酸,比Lg-MnP2蛋白多1个氨基酸。     

葱蝇ADH基因的克隆及序列分析(英文)

[目的]对葱蝇(Delia antiqua)ADH基因进行克隆,并对其进行序列分析。[方法]通过RACE的方法克隆葱蝇ADH基因的cDNA序列,同时对该序列进行同源性分析、氨基酸序列比对和系统发育分析。[结果]试验获得的cDNA全长1088bp,其中ORF771bp,编码256个氨基酸,推测其相对分子质量为30.80kDa,等电点为8.22;通过该基因推导的氨基酸序列与其他物种的ADH进行相似性比较和系统发育分析,发现葱蝇与刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans morsitans)氨基酸序列的同源性最高。[结论]该研究为ADH基因的进一步研究提供了基础。     

Genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in Republic of Korea

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, 38 PCV2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in Republic of Korea were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two PCV2 groups with at least four subgroups (1A, 1C, 2D, and 2E). Most cases obtained from PMWS-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clinical signs compatible with PMWS (wasted non-PMWS) were included within group 2. Moreover, four cases from the wasted non-PMWS belonged to PCV2-group 1. Therefore, our results suggest that PCV2-group 1 is more related to PMWS than group 2.     

广东省主要红树林植物DNA条形码评价

为评估DNA条形码对鉴定红树林植物的通用性和有效性,在广东红树林分布区域共计采集红树林植物16科22属23种,共144个样品,并进行DNA条形码测序。结果表明:选择的rbcL、matK和trnH-psbA 3个DNA片段的PCR扩增成功率分别为100%、80.29%±8.49%、99.38%±1.25%。测序成果率最高为rbcL 100%,trnH-psbA次之94.57%±5.06%,matK最低75.04%±6.26%。表明rbcL和trnH-psbA片段在红树林群落中都具有较好的通用性。应用BLAST和NJ Tree两种方法计算红树植物的物种识别率。BLAST结果表明,单片段中trnH-psbA的物种识别率最高,为84.48%±12.09%,rbcL次之,matK最低。NJ Tree分析显示单片段中rbcL的物种识别率最高,为66.65%±17.35%;trnH-psbA片段次之,matK片段最低。两张分析方法都显示多个片段组合使用时,rbcL或trnH-psbA是提高物种平均识别率的主要片段。利用单片段rbcL即可获得平均节点支持率最高的红树植物系统发育树,且能准确区分不同树种。trnH-psbA片段可以识别rbcL片段不能识别的物种,可以作为补充片段。综合比较,推荐rbcL、trnH-psbA作为红树林植物DNA条形码片段。     

甜瓜种质资源亲缘关系的聚类分析

采用数量分类方法，对来源于国内外的48份甜瓜种质资源的17个农艺性状进行了聚类分析，研究其遗传亲缘关系。结果表明，供试材料在生态型上可分为两大类群，即厚皮甜瓜类群和薄皮甜瓜类群，其中厚皮甜瓜与薄皮甜瓜杂交的中间型在亲缘关系上与薄皮甜瓜更为接近，划入薄皮甜瓜类群中。厚皮甜瓜类群和薄皮甜瓜类群又分别划分为2个和6个品种群。