软枣猕猴桃优良品系“2008-07”组织培养繁殖技术研究

【目的】以软枣猕猴桃优良品系"2008-07"嫩茎段为外植体,研究其组织培养繁育技术。【方法】采用均匀试验设计,通过组培快繁试验,对影响软枣猕猴桃优良品系"2008-07"嫩茎段腋芽萌发生长和生根的6-BA、IAA、IBA等生长调节物质的作用及其用量进行分析与筛选。【结果】适宜软枣猕猴桃嫩茎段腋芽萌发生长、生根的培养基为基本培养基+0.12mg/L 6-BA+0.04mg/L IAA,在此条件下植株再生率为98.7%。再生植株的移栽成活率达99.5%以上。【结论】建立了软枣猕猴桃优良品系"2008-07"嫩茎段组培快繁育苗体系,该体系适合于软枣猕猴桃种苗的工厂化生产。     

NaCl胁迫对普陀樟叶绿素荧光参数的影响

[目的]探讨NaCl胁迫对普陀樟叶绿素荧光参数的影响。[方法]以1年生普陀樟叶片为试材,采用田间试验的方法,设置3种处理(NaCl溶液浓度分别为3、5、7 g/L),以清水为对照(CK),研究盐处理对苗木生长量、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。[结果]NaCl胁迫下,普陀樟苗高生长量下降,叶片的叶绿素含量下降趋于平稳;PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、原初光能转化率(Fv/Fm)变化一致,整体呈上升趋势;随NaCl胁迫的加剧,Fo变化最明显,叶绿素荧光参数间相关性先增强后减弱。[结论]普陀樟具有较好的抗盐性和广泛适应性。     

珍珠绣线菊白粉病生物学特性研究

以新鲜洋葱和珍珠绣线菊白粉病无性孢子为试材,研究不同碳、氮源、pH、温度及光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:适宜孢子萌发的碳源为蔗糖、葡萄糖,氮源为丙氨酸,适宜的萌发温度为23℃,适宜萌发的pH为6～7,全光照条件下适宜孢子萌发.     

Saponin polymorphism in the Korean wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.)

Seed saponin composition of 3025 wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) accessions collected from nine regions of Korea was analysed by thin‐layer chromatography to determine its polymorphic variation and geographical distribution and find mutants in saponin components. The saponin composition of seed hypocotyls was primarily divided into seven phenotypes, designated as Aa, Ab, AaBc, AbBc, Aa+α, AaBc+α and AbBc+α. The predominant phenotypes were AaBc (55%), Aa (33%), AaBc+α (7.5%) and Aa+α (3.3%). The frequencies of Ab, AbBc and AbBc+α were very low (0.3‐0.5%). Codominant alleles Sg‐1^a and Sg‐1^b and dominant allele Sg‐4 occupied 98.6, 1.1 and 63.3%, respectively. Alleles Sg‐3 and Sg‐5 were found to be dominant in all the analysed accessions except the mutants. Three accessions were discovered as mutants via LC‐PDA/MS/MS. The accession CWS0115 did not produce saponin Aa and Ax, CWS2133 did not produce saponin Aa and Ab and CWS5095 did not produce any group A saponins. These newly determined mutants might be utilized in producing a new soybean variety with good taste as well as in biosynthetic studies.     

不同地区红松接穗嫁接樟子松研究

[目的]筛选适合塞罕坝机械林场的红松接穗。[方法]以来自丹东、宽城、茅荆坝的红松作接穗,塞罕坝机械林场的樟子松作砧木,用髓心形成层法嫁接,并以草+膜、草+棉、布+膜和膜+棉4种防寒方式进行过冬,比较接穗成活率、生长量和保存率。[结果]无论是主枝嫁接还是侧枝嫁接,均以丹东的红松接穗成活率最高(85%),生长量达13.8 cm;除了茅荆坝的接穗外,其他2个地区的接穗成活率均是主枝大于侧枝;过冬保存率以草+膜的方式最高。[结论]丹东的红松接穗适合在塞罕坝机械林场嫁接,且以主枝嫁接成活率和生长量较高;在4种防寒方式中,以草+膜的方式保存率最好。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取果梅果实有机酸工艺

以果梅(Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc)果实为原料,利用响应面法确定其有机酸的超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,以超声温度、超声时间、料液比、超声频率为自变量,有机酸提取量为响应值,使用中心组合(Box-Behnken)试验设计对各个因素的显著性和交互作用进行分析。结果表明,果梅果实有机酸的最佳提取工艺为超声温度36℃、超声时间30 min、料液比1∶19(m L/g)、超声功率59 k Hz、提取次数2次。在此条件下有机酸提取量的预测值为6.40%,实测值为6.24%,两者较接近。表明BoxBehnken试验设计和响应面法可以优化果梅果实有机酸的超声辅助提取工艺。     

Changes in the Vascular Cylinder of Wild Soybean Roots Under Alkaline Stress

Changes in the vascular cylinder of wild soybean （Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc） roots under alkaline stress were investigated in an experiment that applied 90 mmol L1 alkaline stress for 10 d at the five-trifoliate plant growth stage in Huinan County, Jilin Province, China. Root samples were collected and paraffin-cut sections were made, and the root structure was observed under an optical microscope. There were significant changes in the vascular cylinder of G. soja roots under alkaline stress. Root diameter was reduced and the vascular cylinder changed from tetrarch to triarch pattern. Alkaline stress resulted in reduced, diameters of root vessels, and a large amount of residual, alkaline solution was stained cyaneous in vessels. The paratracheal parenchymatous cells of the vessels were large and there was little secondary xylem. Thus, alkaline stress caused structural changes in the vascular cylinder of G. soja.     

陇东虎杖化学成分研究

[目的]对陇东地区产虎杖根及根茎的化学成分进行研究。[方法]采用超声波乙醇浸提法和硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。[结果]从虎杖的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出12种化合物,分别为:大黄素(Ⅰ)、fallacinol(Ⅱ)、大黄素-8-甲醚(Ⅲ)、大黄素-6-甲醚(Ⅳ)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、2-甲氧基-6-乙酰基-7-甲基胡桃醌(Ⅵ)、白藜芦醇(Ⅶ)、白藜芦醇苷(Ⅷ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅸ)、香豆素(Ⅹ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅺ)、2-乙氧基-8-乙酰基-1,4-奈醌(Ⅻ)。[结论]化合物Ι~Ⅻ均是首次从陇东虎杖中分离得到的。     

京水菜花芽分化的形态解剖学研究

采用实体解剖和石蜡连续切片的方法对京水菜花芽分化过程进行了形态学上的观察研究。结果表明,京水菜花芽分化可分为花序分化期和花器官分化期。花序分化期生长点分化各级花枝,花枝形成后其上的花芽进入花器官分化期。花器官分化期由花萼分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期组成。