桑椹菌核病病原及病害防治技术综述

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t旨在筛选用于桑葚菌核病防治的高效生物制剂,提高桑葚品质。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t通过田间试验,选用2×10⁸ CFU/g泰诺木霉菌(WP)、3%中生菌素(WP)、 47%春雷·王铜(WP)、3×10⁸ CFU/g哈茨木霉菌(WP)、 4%嘧啶核苷类抗生素(水剂) 5种生物制剂,每种生物制剂设3个浓度梯度,在桑树初花期、盛花期、谢花期分别用5种不同生物制剂不同稀释液喷施桑树。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t5种生物制剂对桑葚菌核病具有不同程度的防效,且同一生物制剂随着药液浓度增加,防效呈上升趋势。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t2×10⁸ CFU/g泰诺木霉菌可湿性粉剂300～800倍液对桑葚菌核病防效是69.76%～84.02%,与目前生产中应用的化学药剂腐霉利防效相当,因此可作为桑葚菌核病的防治药剂。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t     

Crop Nutrient Status and Nitrogen,Phosphorus, and Potassium Balances Obtained in Field Trials Evaluating Different Fertilizer Recommendation Systems on Various Soils and Crops in Hungary

Based on correlations calculated from the database of long-term fertilization experiments carried out in Hungary between 1960 and 2000, a new, cost-saving, and environmentally friendly fertilizer recommendation system was developed. The aim of the new system is to apply the lowest possible nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K) rates required to achieve good yields and maximum income per unit area. The World Phosphorus Institute (IMPHOS) agreed to finance a 3-year program to test various Hungarian fertilizer recommendation systems (the new RISSAC-RIA [Research for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry‐Research Institute for Agriculture] system, the Talajer?gazdálkodás integrated soil fertility management system, and the intensive MÉM NAK [Department of Plant Protection and Agricultural Chemistry of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture] system) when applied to three major crops grown on three characteristic Hungarian soils. The first five treatments in the experiment represented a classical deficiency experiment, aimed at checking the correctness of the NPK supply categories determined by the various systems. On all three soils and for all three crops the IMPHOS experiments confirmed the basic principles of the new cost-saving, environmentally friendly fertilizer recommendation system and the correctness of the methods used for calculating fertilizer rates. In this article, diagnostic plant analysis, soil analysis data, and NPK balances obtained in the different recommendations are discussed. In most cases the plant NPK contents of all the recommendations exceeded the lower limits of the good NPK supply category for wheat and barley shoot as well as for corn leaf. Crop NPK contents in Talajer?gazdálkodás and MÉM NAK treatments (with greater recommended NPK doses) were most cases better than in the RISSAC-RIA treatments; however, the better crop NPK status did not result in extra grain yield in the former treatments. Taking into account that similarly high yields were obtained using the RISSAC-RIA system and the Talajer?gazdálkodás integrated system with much smaller NPK doses than those recommended by the intensive MÉM NAK system, it was more advantageous from agronomic, environmental protection, and economic points of view. Differences in PK balances correlated well with the differences in the measured soil ammonium lactate (AL)–PK contents after the third year of the experiment.     

饲用微生物添加剂育肥杂种肉羊效果的试验

为比较青贮玉米秸秆添加与不添加饲用微生物添加剂的效果,进行了饲用微生物添加剂青贮玉米秸秆饲喂陶赛特×小尾寒羊F1代杂种肉羊育肥效果的试验。结果表明,用饲用微生物添加剂制作青贮玉米秸秆饲喂3～6月龄杂种肉羊,全期只均日增重达230．56g,较青贮玉米秸秆对照组提高7．44％．试验组只均盈利253．5元．盈利提高29．60％,经济效益显著。饲用微生物添加剂适宜在杂种肉羊生产上推广应用。     

三峡库区兴山县引种美国山核桃试验初报

美国山核桃是著名优良干果油料树种。从浙江、云南等省引进性状表现优良的6个美国山核桃品种在长江三峡库区兴山县栽培试验,观测其引种表现,并对树体生长物候期、生长结果习性及丰产性抗性等进行了初步分析,结果表明：在良好的管理条件下产量和质量与原产地基本相同,适宜于三峡库区兴山县栽培。     

南宁市冬种番茄引进品种比较试验

对9个番茄新品种的比较试验结果表明：综合性状最好的品种是万利达,其次是美国63和英雄2号。这三个品种表现为产量高、耐寒、抗病性强,果实美观坚硬、耐贮运,商品性好,具有很强的市场竞争力,适合在南宁地区推广种植。     

牦牛犊生长发育的试验研究

[目的]目前牦牛生产仍然基本沿用传统的生产模式,生产管理仍是按照传统的低投入、低消耗、低产出、长周期、周转慢的粗放生产系统,牦牛业的生产效率仍然很低,由于牧民难以科学地和有规模地进行科学的饲养管理,早期由于人犊争奶、过度挤母乳,造成犊牛摄取营养不足,直接影响其生产性能的发挥。为了改变这一长期延用下来的生产模式,笔者就对牦牛犊进行全哺乳后的生长发育情况进行了试验研究。[方法]采用随机抽样法将60头初生犊牛分成2组,分别为试验组与对照组,[结果]表明6月龄时其体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重分别达到了79.74 cm、86.84 cm、100.10 cm、11.68 cm、64.87 kg。经数据统计分析差异均显著（P 〈0.05）。[结论]全哺乳组牦牛犊牛生长发育情况良好,是值得推广的饲养模式。     

齿形木纤维柴油车尾气微粒捕集器过滤效率模型与试验

为增大柴油车尾气微粒捕集器滤芯的过滤面积,降低滤芯的过滤阻力,提高滤芯的过滤效率,设计了一种内部具有中空通道的齿形木纤维柴油车尾气微粒捕集器滤芯。首先根据纤维材料的过滤理论,建立齿形木纤维滤芯的过滤效率模型;然后通过理论分析和数值计算得到滤芯过滤效率与各影响因素之间的关系曲线;最后利用自行研制的滤芯性能检测试验台对理论分析结果加以验证。研究表明,试验和理论结果吻合较好,当尾气微粒捕集器过滤室壳体尺寸为直径140 mm,高150 mm时,木纤维直径为15μm、滤芯填充率为0.3、滤芯厚度为12 mm时滤芯过滤效率和过滤阻力都处于较理想的范围,使用寿命可达60 h,过滤效率为96%,排气背压为3 k Pa,完全能满足柴油车尾气排放国家标准。该研究对柴油车尾气净化机及环境保护具有十分重要的意义。     

60%双效磷乳油的性质与应用试验

６０％双胶磷乳油经毒性和稳定性检测及田间增效试验,明确了其毒性明显高于两混配单剂,１０００倍的防效与５０％甲胺磷２０００倍相似,但安全性好于单独使用甲胺磷或敌百虫;双胶磷不稳定的主要表现是马拉松含量迅速降低,使用当年生产的双效磷才能最大限度发挥增铲作用。     

盐分胁迫对油菜碳酸酐酶活性的影响

对盐胁迫下油菜光合作用、碳酸酐酶活性和叶绿素含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,随着盐浓度的提高,碳酸酐酶活性下降,油菜的光合速率降低,叶绿素含量先增加后减少。这说明,盐胁迫抑制了碳酸酐酶的活性,不同程度地破坏了植物的光合机构,气孔关闭,碳酸酐酶对光合作用的调控作用使得碳酸酐酶活性降低的同时光合速率也下降;盐胁迫下植物叶片中叶绿素含量下降,其主要原因是由于NaCl能增强叶绿素酶活性,促进叶绿素分解。     

槽式堆肥中搅拌螺旋输送能力的研究

针对深槽式堆肥系统的搅拌螺旋物料输送能力展开研究.在特定的工作倾角下,调整搅拌螺旋的旋转速度和横向移动速度,计量物料的输送状态.实验表明:在不同的横向运动方向上,搅拌螺旋的输送能力不同;较高的转速和较低的横向移动速度有利于物料输送.