保水剂在京郊果园的应用试验研究

重点研究了果园施用保水剂后剖面土壤水分动态、果树耗水规律 ,探讨了保水剂作用下土壤水分对果树生长、果实生长发育、产量与品质的影响规律 ,同时对保水剂在山区果园的应用进行了经济可行性分析     

棉花冠层叶面积的动态模拟

根据试验资料,在系统分析棉花冠层叶面积时空分布规律的基础上,充分考虑叶面积空间垂直分布的异质性,以生育期内累积的每日相对热效应为预报因子,构建了棉花叶面积垂直分布和叶面积指数的动态模拟模型。利用不同年份不同播期的试验资料对模型进行了验证,累积叶面积指数L（z）的模拟结果与1∶1直线之间的R^2和均方根误差分别为0.969和0.257,叶面积指数LAI的模拟结果与1∶1直线之间的R^2和均方根误差分别为0.936和0.305。结果说明模型具有较好的预测性和实用性。模型的模拟结果可作为冠层结构参数,用于冠层辐射传输模型和光合作用模型。     

微灌毛管水力学研究——微灌水力设计计算方法探讨之一

本文不采用缝隙管的假定,提出毛管水头线的多段折线模型;在此基础上,定义了降比r和压比G,根据r的大小,讨论了均匀坡毛管压力水头的分布;讨论了总水头损失计算方法;导出诸水力特征量的计算公式。     

湖北省赤眼蜂(Trichogramma)的寄主记录

本文在已知湖北省9种赤眼蜂的基础上,对其寄主进行了考查,现已查明的寄主有101种,其中有57种为我国新记录,即松毛虫赤眼蜂新寄主有3种,拟澳洲赤眼蜂有三种,稻螟赤眼蜂有10种,玉米螟赤眼蜂有6种,粘虫赤眼蜂有9种,舟蛾赤眼蜂有7种,广赤眼     

湖北省国家珍稀濒危植物区系地理研究

经调查研究与统计，湖北省自然分布的国家珍稀濒危植物有５８种。论述了该地区国家珍稀濒危植物的属和种的区系地理分布特点，并提出了开发利用珍稀濒危植物资源的建议。     

Fractional Distribution of Lead and Cadmium in Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge Compost

Sludge is produced wherever sewage purification takes place. The amount of municipal dry sludge in China is more than 5.0×106 t per year. There are lots of soil nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and or- ganic matters contained in sludge, but heavy …     

桑树资源概况及其多元化利用

桑树是具有广泛用途的木本植物。就我国桑树种质资源分类以及不同生态类型的分布情况,从养蚕业、生态建设、畜牧饲料、果业开发、庭园观赏、医药保健、食品生产、化工应用等方面对桑树植物资源的多元化利用价值进行了概述,并对桑树植物多元化利用研究作了展望。     

Mapping the current and future distributions of Onosma species endemic to Iran

Climate change may cause shifts in the natural range of species especially for those that are geographically restricted and/or endemic species. In this study, the spatial distribution of five endemic and threatened species belonging to the genus Onosma (including O. asperrima, O. bisotunensis, O. kotschyi, O. platyphylla, and O. straussii) was investigated under present and future climate change scenarios: RCP2.6 (RCP, representative concentration pathway; optimistic scenario) and RCP8.5 (pessimistic scenario) for the years 2050 and 2080 in Iran. Analysis was conducted using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to provide a basis for the protection and conservation of these species. Seven environmental variables including aspect, depth of soil, silt content, slope, annual precipitation, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and annual temperature range were used as main predictors in this study. The model output for the potential habitat suitability of the studied species showed acceptable performance for all species (i.e., the area under the curve (AUC)>0.800). According to the models generated by MaxEnt, the potential current patterns of the species were consistent with the observed areas of distributions. The projected climate maps under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively) of 2050 and 2080 resulted in reductions and expansions as well as positive range changes for all species in comparison to their current predicted distributions. Among all species, O. bisotunensis showed the most significant and highest increase under the pessimistic scenario of 2050 and 2080. Finally, the results of this study revealed that the studied plant species have shown an acute adaptability to environmental changes. The results can provide useful information to managers to apply appropriate strategies for the management and conservation of these valuable Iranian medicinal and threatened plant species in the future.     

夏玉米产量时空变化及气候年型分析

定量分析夏玉米同一品种产量及产量构成要素时空变化,探讨造成产量时空差异的气候年型组合变化特征。基于2004～2013年夏玉米种植区郑单958多点田间试验数据分析表明,夏玉米区域平均产量为9 055 kg/hm~2,年际差为1 635 kg/hm~2,变幅为18.1%;地点差4 258 kg/hm~2,变幅为47.1%。夏玉米区域平均千粒重为313 g,年际变幅为13.1%;地点变幅为27.8%。夏玉米区域平均穗粒数为479,年际变幅为18.0%,地点变幅为38.7%。千粒重的增加导致夏玉米产量显著增加。穗粒数显著降低和时空差异大是造成产量波动和时空差异变幅大的主要原因。夏玉米产量和产量构成要素,低产点受各气候要素变化的影响显著;平产点受温度和日最高温度大于33℃的天数影响显著;高产点受降水影响显著。     

Projecting the suitability of global and local habitats for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) using model consensus

Myrtle rust (caused by Austropuccinia psidii) affects more than 500 known host species in the Myrtaceae family. Three different modelling approaches (CLIMEX, MaxEnt and Multi-Model Framework) were used to project the habitat suitability for myrtle rust at both global and local scales. Current data on the global occurrence of myrtle rust were collected from online literature and expert solicitation. Long-term averages of climate data (1960–1990) were sourced from WorldClim and CliMond websites. Recent reports of myrtle rust in New Zealand were used for validation of model outputs but not in model training and testing. The model outputs were combined into a consensus model to identify localities projected to be suitable for myrtle rust according to two or three models (hotspots). In addition to the locations where the pathogen is currently present, all models successfully projected independent occurrence data in New Zealand suitable for establishment of the pathogen. Climate suitability for the pathogen was primarily related to temperature followed by rainfall in MaxEnt and the CLIMEX model. The results confirmed the optimum temperature range of this pathogen in the literature (15–25 °C). Additional analysis of the precipitation variables indicated that excessive rain (more than 2000 mm in warmest quarter of the year) combined with high temperatures (>30 °C) constrain pathogen establishment. The results of the current study can be useful for countries such as New Zealand, China, South Africa and Singapore where the pathogen has not fully spread or established.