Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate on Irrigated Russet Burbank Potato

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is routinely applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Manitoba, Canada; however, little information is available regarding P responses in this region. Field studies were conducted from 2003 through 2006 to determine the impact of P rate [0, 15, 29, 43 kg P ha^?1 as broadcast incorporated monoammonium phosphate (MAP)] on Russet Burbank potato. Increasing P rate resulted in a linear increase in marketable yield in 2005, a quadratic increase in 2006, and no effect in 2003 and 2004. Phosphorus application had no effect on the yield of tubers <85 g, tuber number, or quality, but petiole P concentration and postharvest soil-test P levels increased with increasing P rate. Results of this and other studies show that P fertilization may improve potato yields, although increases are not completely predictable. Additional research is required to refine soil-test guidelines and petiole P sufficiency levels for this region.     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

不同年限稻田红壤发生层土壤磷的固持容量及其释放潜能研究

以江西鹰潭孙家典型红壤小流域中期稻田(MP)、新稻田(NP)与老稻田(OP)的发生层土壤为研究对象,基于吸附-解吸实验与结构方程模型,分析了稻田红壤各发生层土壤磷的固持能力(PSI)、最大固持容量(MCSP)及释放潜能的变化差异与影响因子,明确了固定态磷的释放机制与流失风险。结果表明：随发生层深度的增加,稻田红壤PSI及MCSP逐渐增大,二者变化分别为：MP > NP > OP与NP > MP > OP;但稻田红壤发生层中电性吸附态磷(CaCl2-P)及OP剖面专性吸附态磷(EDTA-P)逐渐降低,而MP剖面和NP剖面的EDTA-P以及稻田红壤发生层的残留态磷(Red-P)则相反;OP剖面发生层CaCl2-P与EDTA-P的比值随发生层深度的增加呈逐渐升高趋势,且显著高于MP和NP剖面。结构方程模型分析结果表明,土壤有机质、全磷、pH和铁铝氧化物之间相互作用且协同调控着稻田红壤的磷吸附位点数量及其吸附-解吸能力。稻田红壤水耕层(Ap层)土壤吸磷能力弱、释磷能力强,土壤磷流失风险大;而氧化还原层(Br)和母质层(C)土壤吸磷能力强、释磷能力弱,土壤磷固持容量大。与新稻田和中期稻田剖面相比,老稻田发生层土壤中吸附态磷更难以向专性吸附态磷及残留态磷转化,土壤磷流失风险相对较大,需及时采取相应的调控措施。     

天津于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物中碳· 氮· 磷分布及污染评价

对流域内33个河流表层沉积物样点的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和磷形态含量进行了测定,分析了沉积物中碳、氮、磷含量的分布特征及三者之间的相关性,并对于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物进行污染现状评价。结果表明:于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物TOC平均含量为0.99%,TN平均含量为0.15%,TP平均含量为1 904.93 mg/kg。相关性分析表明,沉积物TOC与TN呈极显著正相关(R2=0.794),TOC与草地面积比例呈极显著正相关,R2为0.685;TN和草地面积比例呈显著正相关(R2=0.392);TP与各种土地利用类型的相关性均不明显,但OP和Fe/Al-P与城镇居民用地面积比例呈极显著正相关,R2分别为0.664和0.698,与林地面积比例呈显著负相关,R2分别为-0.472和-0.403。有机指数和有机氮评价结果显示,有48.5%的采样点有机指数处于Ⅰ类水平,有39.4%和48.5%样点有机氮处于Ⅲ和Ⅳ类污染水平,表明于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物有机指数整体处于尚清洁及以上水平,受到有机污染程度较小,而流域内的有机氮污染相对较为严重。     

福建近海几种海藻的营养成分与饲用安全评价分析

对福建近海浒苔、龙须菜、羊栖菜、海带等4种海藻进行基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素的测定结果进行分析与评价.基本成分测定结果表明:4种海藻中多糖类膳食纤维和粗纤维的含量最高,二者总量均高于50％.粗蛋白质含量以浒苔、龙须菜为高(15.6％～38.2％),羊栖菜(14.6％)、海带(9.12％)较低.17种氨基酸的...     

磷石膏在几种蔬菜作物上的应用试验

盆栽和田间试验结果表明，在施ＮＰ肥基础上，配合每亩施用１００－２００ｋｇ磷石膏，有利于增加土壤有效钙、硫和磷等养分，改善了蔬菜作物对钙素等养分的吸收利用，明显促进了蔬菜作物的生长发育。ＮＰ肥＋磷石膏处理比单施ＮＰ肥处理产量显著提高。甘蓝增产１０．８％－１３．１％，番茄增产９．６％－１０．８％，芹菜增产９．２％－１０．４％，白菜增产９．８％。经方差分析达到１％和５％极显著和显著水平。施用磷石膏改善蔬菜产品品质，适量施磷石膏对土壤主要农化性状无不良影响。     

土壤微生物与土壤营养关系研究进展

综述了土壤微生物的组成、主要作用,并提出了表征土壤肥力的微生物指标,阐述了土壤微生物与土壤肥力和土壤氮、磷、硫元素的关系,提出了今后土壤微生物和土壤营养关系的研究方向。