Susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in equine ulcerative keratitis: Implications for empirical treatment at a university teaching hospital in Sydney

Corneal ulceration is a common ophthalmic condition in horses. It is frequently caused by trauma to the corneal surface, followed by secondary infection by commensal or pathogenic organisms including Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. Emerging antimicrobial resistance amongst these organisms has raised the need for appropriate antimicrobial therapy selection, to optimise treatment efficacy while minimising further antimicrobial resistance. Medical records of 38 horses presented at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden for ulcerative keratitis between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed to identify those with positive bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles (13/38). Common susceptibility patterns were identified and used to guide the empirical treatment of equine bacterial corneal ulcers. Pseudomonas spp. (64.3%), Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (14.3%) and Actinobacillus spp. (14.3%) were most commonly identified. Susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was observed in 100%, 66.7% and 85.7% Pseudomonas spp. isolates respectively. Resistance to polymyxin B and neomycin occurred in 85.7% and 71.4% of Pseudomonas spp., respectively. All Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus organisms in this study were susceptible to ceftiofur, cephalexin, penicillin and ampicillin, while they were all resistant to gentamicin, neomycin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. Predominating in this study, Pseudomonas spp. maintained overall aminoglycoside susceptibility despite some emerging resistance, and good fluoroquinolone susceptibility. High resistance to Polymyxin B could have arisen from its common use as first-line therapy for bacterial corneal ulcers. Although further research is required, these new findings about predominant bacteria in equine corneal ulceration in the Camden region and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can be used to guide the empirical treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers in horses.     

高效产氢发酵细菌在不同气相条件下产氢

气相条件是影响高效产氢细菌产氢能力的重要生态因子之。间歇实验结果表明，空气中的氧分子是抑制高效产氢细菌－B49生长发酵的直接原因，二氧化碳也对B49的发酵产氢产生很大的抑制作用，而以氮气和氩气为气相能使B49发挥较高的产氢能力，氮气很可能对B49的发酵产氢有一定的促进作用。     

ABR反应器性能研究：回顾与总结

厌氧折流板反应器ABR是一种新型高效厌氧反应器，本文主要是对ABR反应器问世以来关于它的研究及相关的工作进行了较为全面的整理与分析，找出待研究领域和问题，为今后的研究工作提供了基础和方向。     

光合细菌的特性及其在废水处理中的应用

本文系统综述了光合细菌的生理生化特征,并介绍了光合细菌法在废水处理中的应用和研究进展.     

整合子与细菌多重耐药性

细菌的多重耐药已成为临床治疗的难题,其耐药机制、耐药基因的传播与转移是近年来研究的热点。近来研究表明,细菌中存在一种能捕获和表达基因的遗传单位———整合子在细菌获得耐药机制中起了重要作用。整合子编码一个整合酶负责基因盒在重组位点attⅠ和attC上的插入及切除,同时整合子也提供一个启动子(Pant)负责基因盒耐药基因的表达。整合子携带着重组的基因盒插入到转座子或接合质粒中,在不同的细菌间运动而传播耐药性,同时一个整合子可以捕获多个基因盒,对细菌多重耐药的形成起重要作用。现就整合子的结构、类型、基因盒的种类与表达及其与细菌多重耐药性的有关研究进行综述。     

Investigation of Deep-Sea Ecosystems Using Marker Fatty Acids: Sources of Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Abyssal Megafauna

Abyssal seafloor ecosystems cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. Being formed by mainly heterotrophic organisms, they depend on the flux of particulate organic matter (POM) photosynthetically produced in the surface layer of the ocean. As dead phytoplankton sinks from the euphotic to the abyssal zone, the trophic value of POM and the concentration of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease. This results in pronounced food periodicity and limitations for bottom dwellers. Deep-sea invertebrate seston eaters and surface deposit feeders consume the sinking POM. Other invertebrates utilize different food items that have undergone a trophic upgrade, with PUFA synthesized from saturated and monounsaturated FA. Foraminifera and nematodes can synthesize arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), while some barophylic bacteria produce EPA and/or docosahexaenoic acid. FA analysis of deep-sea invertebrates has shown high levels of PUFA including, in particular, arachidonic acid, bacterial FA, and a vast number of new and uncommon fatty acids such as 21:4(n-7), 22:4(n-8), 23:4(n-9), and 22:5(n-5) characteristic of foraminifera. We suppose that bacteria growing on detritus having a low trophic value provide the first trophic upgrading of organic matter for foraminifera and nematodes. In turn, these metazoans perform the second-stage upgrading for megafauna invertebrates. Deep-sea megafauna, including major members of Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Polychaeta display FA markers characteristic of bacteria, foraminifera, and nematodes and reveal new markers in the food chain.     

拮抗菌JKJ-23菌株诱导香蕉抵抗枯萎病机理的初探

摘要：以巴西蕉盆栽苗为试材,通过接种病原菌和灌根拮抗菌菌悬液等4个处理,探索不同的处理下香蕉苗防御酶活性、叶绿素含量及根系活力的差异,从而探究生防菌抗病机理。结果表明：JKJ-23菌悬液处理香蕉苗CAT、PPO、SOD、POD活性明显提高,各处理最大峰值分别是对应时间对照的3.72、2.03、1.72、2.61倍;JKJ-23菌悬液能够很好的抑制病原菌对香蕉苗叶绿素的破坏;无论有无病原菌的存在,JKJ-23拮抗菌菌悬液能够明显地提高香蕉苗根系活力。     

产低温脂肪酶假单胞菌的选育及产酶条件的优化

从取自华中农业大学的土样和长江流域及桂林桃花江水样中筛选到一株产低温脂肪酶的适冷菌,初步鉴定为假单胞菌,命名为Pseudomonas sp.YT34-8.对其产酶条件进行优化,得到其最佳发酵条件为:玉米浆2.00%,豆饼粉2.50%,蔗糖1.00%,橄榄油0.57%,MgSO4·7H2O0.05%,K2HPO4 0.10%,发酵温度8℃,初始pH值7.0,发酵时间48 h,250 mL摇瓶装液量21 mL;摇瓶转速182 r·min-1.在此条件下,其发酵酶活力可达到7.833 U·mL-1.对其所产低温脂肪酶进行初步研究,其最适作用pH值为8.0,最适作用温度为30℃,在pH值5.0～10.0范围内、40℃以下酶活力较稳定.     

油茶籽提取废液中乳酸菌的分离鉴定与发酵性能

从自然发酵的油茶籽提取废液中发现1种产乳酸的细菌.以一定时间内产乳酸量的多少和耐酸性强弱为指标,经分离纯化、鉴定后初步确定为乳酸杆菌属微小乳杆菌种变种.采用接种量3%,发酵时间48h,发酵温度38℃的发酵条件测试此菌种的发酵产酸量及活菌数,其48h产酸量可达2.02%,生长稳定期活菌密度达1011cfu/mL,为具有工业利用价值的优良乳酸菌种.     

离子束注入硅酸盐细菌诱变选育研究

硅酸盐细菌能分解铝硅酸盐类矿物中的钾、磷、硅等元素,直接供植物生长利用。采用低能N离子束注入技术对硅酸盐细菌进行诱变,然后经有氮培养基初筛、缺钾培养基复筛,获得解钾能力强的硅酸盐细菌S-05突变株,扫描电镜观察菌株的形态。进行盆栽试验,研究S-05菌株对水稻根际土壤速效钾含量的影响。结果发现,发酵液50倍稀释处理组速效钾含量最高,比原菌株处理组(CK1)和空白对照组(CK2)分别提高55.79%和260.84%。