PEG介导的Botryosphaeria dothidea突变体库表型分析及致病突变体筛选

对已建立的PEG突变体库中随机挑选的320株突变体菌株进行表型和致病性筛选,获得表型或致病性显著变化的菌株。将突变菌株及野生菌株接种至PDA培养基,观察生长3d和7d时菌落颜色及形态,测量菌落直径。将表型变化菌株及野生菌株接种于离体富士叶片,测量接种5d后病斑直径。生长速率检测显示有40株生长速率加快,有3株生长速率显著下降。14株突变体菌落颜色发生明显变化,菌落呈黑色或纯白色;15株突变体菌落形状不规则且气生菌丝稀疏;其中7株同时具有两种表型特征。致病性测定获得致病性增强突变体s104和致病性减弱突变体s172。所筛选的320株突变体中,表型异常菌株占6.8%,同时获得两株致病性变化菌株,对进一步揭示Botryosphaeria dothidea的致病机理具有重要价值。     

桑树多倍体鉴定和育种研究现状

近年来发现桑属植物存在14条染色体的2倍体(2n=2x=14)物种,而过去认为桑树2倍体有28条染色体(2n=2x=28),这些研究引起对桑属植物染色体组基数的关注。本文概述在植物多倍体研究中细胞学和分子技术的最新进展和应用;总结桑树多倍体类型、形成原因、表型效应及其生产应用;介绍桑树4倍体、3倍体的人工诱变创制技术,包括诱变处理方法、诱变后的管理、诱变体的选择、3倍体的人工有性杂交培育等,以及桑树多倍体的鉴定方法。指出采用物理和化学方法诱导与杂交育种技术结合是桑树多倍体育种的关键技术。提出多倍体育种今后研究的主要方向,为桑树多倍体育种和应用研究提供理论参考。     

拟南芥冷诱导型启动子CBF3驱动IPT基因在烟草中的表达

用PCR的方法获得拟南芥冷诱导型启动子CBF3和农杆菌Ti质粒上的IPT基因,构建由启动子CBF3驱动IPT植物表达载体,并经农杆菌介导将基因整合到烟草的基因组中,利用Kan筛选、PCR和RT-PCR检测,最终获得转基因的植株。通过对烟草的植物学性状和农艺学性状的分析发现,随着启动子CBF3驱动的IPT基因在烟草中的表达,使得植株性状发生很大的改变,如株型变为塔型,株高增高,节距增长,且有很多的分枝和侧芽,叶片明显增多,表现出短窄且平滑的性状,茎围、腰叶长和腰叶宽都减小许多,相应的最大叶面积、顶叶面积和叶质量也都下降,但叶的密度却有所增加。     

柴达木绒山羊主要数量性状表型相关分析

对柴达山绒山羊母羊的绒层厚度、粗毛长度、产绒量、体重、体长、体高、胸围、管围、体侧部绒纤维伸直长度和绒纤维细度进行了表型相关的测算，结果表明：（1）对育成母羊产绒量影响较大的三个性状按决定系数大小依次为体长、绒层厚度和体侧部绒纤维伸直长度，呈现正向影响；绒层厚度还与体长和绒纤维细度协同产生对产绒量的正向影响；体重和体高对产绒量有较小的负向影响。（2）对成年母羊产绒量影响较大的性状按决定系数大小依次为绒层厚度、体重、粗毛长度、体高、胸围和绒纤维伸直长度，其中粗毛长度和体高呈现负向影响，其余性状为正向影响。     

Variation in TBX3 Gene Region in Dun Coat Color Polish Konik Horses

The Polish Konik is a primitive breed of horse, most likely descended directly from the wild extinct forest equus so-called Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus). The studbook of this breed is closed, and only individuals with blue dun in color with a well-developed black middorsal stripe and other primitive markings are entered. The aim of the presented study was the investigation of genetic background of dun phenotype in Polish Konik horses. A total of 93 Polish Koniks were investigated toward single nucleotide polymorphisms in a region of TBX3 gene by Sanger sequencing method. Obtained results confirmed that all investigated horses carry dun dilution genotype. Two new variants were identified which have not been previously described [WT/WT-G/G-A/G; WT/del-G/del-G/G]. Furthermore, our results showed in population of Polish Koniks occurrence of the rare genotype recently found in Estonian-native horses.     

Effect of atorvastatin on adventitial fibroblast phenotype differentiation in atherosclerosis of apolipoprotein E-knockout mice

AIM: To explore the effect of atorvastatin on the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the adventitia of ApoE^-/- mice with atherosclerosis, and to investigate the underlying mechanism of atorvastatin therapy. METHODS: Male ApoE^-/- mice (n=40) at 6-weeks of age were used to establish the atherosclerosis model by feeding with high fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into model group and atorvastatin group. In atorvastatin group, the mice were lavaged with atorvastatin at dose of 20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. The mice in model group were given normal saline. C57BL/6 mice of the same age served as control group, feeding with ordinary food. The mice were respectively sacrificed at the time points of 10 and 15 weeks after feeding with different diets. The ascending aorta was removed for serial sectioning. Some sections were performed with Movat staining in order to observe the morphological changes of the tissues, and to measure the relative atherosclerotic plaque area and the thickness of the adventitia. Some sections were stained with Sirius red to identify the collagen synthesis. Immunohistochemistry assay was prepared to observe the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the adventitia at different time points. The expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA and protein levels in the thoracoabdominal aorta was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with model group, the formation of plaque in atorvastatin group significantly descended. Meanwhile the adventitial thickness and collagen synthesis also decreased. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with 10 weeks-model group, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in 15 weeks-model group was increased. The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in atorvastatin group decreased significantly compared with model group. The expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA and protein levels in model group were higher than those in control group. They decreased in atorvastatin group compared with model group. Compared with 10 weeks-model group, the mRNA and protein of TGF-β1 in 15 weeks-model group were increased.CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin modulates adventitial fibroblast phenotype differentiation by suppressing expression of TGF-β1 and intervenes atherosclerotic development in ApoE^-/- mice.     

啤用二棱大麦产量构成因素的表型相关分析与应用

应用简单相关、回归分析、偏相关、通径分析方法对沪麦4号等10个啤用二棱大麦品种（系）的产量构成因素进行统计分析和研究,结果表明,3个产量构成因素对单株产量均有正向效应,其中以每株穗数的贡献最大,每穗粒数次之,千粒重贡献最小。因此,提出了高产优质啤用二棱大麦的育种模式：以增加每株穗数“多穗型”为主要选择目标,兼顾每穗粒重,增加千粒重为配合选择指标,并适当协调好千粒重与穗粒数的关系。     

南荻衰老的形态和生理生化特征的研究

为探讨南荻(Miscanthus lutarioriparius)衰老的形态与生理生化特征间的关系,以5种基因型的南荻为试材料,利用目测分级法对其衰老程度进行分级,并测定了旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶生理生化指标.结果表明:南荻叶片的衰老等级与叶绿素含量成显著负相关,丙二醛(MDA)含量从孕穗期至果实成熟期逐渐增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性从孕穗期到抽穗期处于上升阶段,抽穗后到成熟期呈下降趋势;南荻衰老程度在空间上并无规律,但衰老速度在不同基因型间存在差异.     

Characterisation of Escherichia fergusonii isolates from farm animals using an Escherichia coli virulence gene array and tissue culture adherence assays

Escherichia fergusonii has been associated with a wide variety of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in both humans and animals but, despite strong circumstantial evidence, the degree to which the organism is responsible for the pathologies identified remains uncertain. Thirty isolates of E. fergusonii collected between 2003 and 2004 were screened using an Escherichia coli virulence gene array to test for the presence of homologous virulence genes in E. fergusonii. The iss (increased serum survival) gene was present in 13/30 (43%) of the test strains and the prfB (P-related fimbriae regulatory) and ireA (siderophore receptor IreA) genes were also detected jointly in 3/30 (10%) strains. No known virulence genes were detected in 14/30 (47%) of strains. Following confirmatory PCR and sequence analysis, the E. fergusoniiprfB, iss and ireA genes shared a high degree of sequence similarity to their counterparts in E. coli, and a particular resemblance was noted with the E. coli strain APEC O1 pathogenicity island. In tissue culture adherence assays, nine E. fergusonii isolates associated with HEp-2 cells with a ‘localised adherence’ or ‘diffuse adherence’ phenotype, and they proved to be moderately invasive. The E. fergusonii isolates in this study possess both some phenotypic and genotypic features linked to known pathotypes of E. coli, and support existing evidence that strains of E. fergusonii may act as an opportunistic pathogens, although their specific virulence factors may need to be explored.     

Idiopathic cystitis in domestic cats--beyond the lower urinary tract

Signs of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in domestic cats can be acute or chronic, and can result from variable combinations of abnormalities within the lumen of the LUT, the parenchyma of the LUT itself, or other organ system(s) that then lead to LUT dysfunction. In the majority of cats with chronic signs of LUT dysfunction, no specific underlying cause can be confirmed after standard clinical evaluation of the LUT, so these cats typically are classified as having idiopathic cystitis. A syndrome in human beings commonly known as interstitial cystitis (IC) shares many features in common with these cats, permitting comparisons between the two species. A wide range of similarities in abnormalities has been identified between these syndromes outside as well as inside the LUT. A variety of potential familial and developmental risk factors also have been identified. These results have permitted generation of the hypothesis that some of these people have a disorder affecting the LUT rather than a disorder of the LUT. This perspective has suggested alternative diagnostic strategies and novel approaches to treatment, at least in cats. The purpose of this review is to summarize research investigations into the various abnormalities present in cats, to compare some of these findings with those identified in human beings, and to discuss how they might modify perceptions about the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cats with this disease. Dedication: I dedicate this contribution to Professor Dennis J. Chew, whose collaboration, patience, and support made it all possible.