攸县油茶胚状体发生及其组织学观察

[目的]研究以攸县油茶(Camellia yuhsienensis Hu)成熟子叶为外植体的胚状体发生情况。[方法]以子叶为外植体,接种于MS+2.0mg/L2,4-D+1.0mg/LKT培养基上,诱导胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织块转接至以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度6-BA和NAA的激素组合的培养基上诱导产生胚状体。取不同发育阶段的组织块制作石蜡切片,进行组织学观察。[结果]成熟子叶块接种于诱导培养基MS+2.0mg/L2,4-D+1.0mg/LKT,15d左右开始出现胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织转接至培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.6mg/LNAA时胚状体诱导率最高,为87.78%;无激素培养基也能诱导胚性愈伤组织产生胚状体,但诱导率极低,仅为6.67%。组织学观察表明,胚性细胞由愈伤组织表面及其内部邻近的若干细胞分化而来,经过球形胚、心形胚、子叶形胚等不同发育阶段直至成熟胚状体。[结论]诱导胚性愈伤组织分化为胚状体的最佳培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.6mg/LNAA。     

Effects of tourism-related provisioning on the trophic signatures and movement patterns of an apex predator, the Caribbean reef shark

Wildlife provisioning, i.e. the provision of bait to generate aggregations of charismatic megafauna as tourist attractions, occurs around the world. This practice is often promoted as an economic incentive to conserve the focal species, yet has stimulated debate based on the potential for risks to human safety and perceptions of behavioural shifts in provisioned populations. We studied a population of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) in the Bahamas that has been subject to regular provisioning for >20 years. We used a combination of focal observations of sharks during feeding events, remote acoustic telemetry and stable isotope analysis of shark muscle tissue to determine the impacts of provisioning on the trophic signatures and ranging behaviour of sharks in this population. A small number of large sharks monopolised more than 50% of the bait on offer. These ‘fed’ individuals showed significant ¹⁵N enrichment in their tissues compared to conspecifics of the same size that failed to obtain bait at the feeding site, and un-provisioned sharks from a control site. Despite the disparity in trophic signatures, fed, unfed and control sharks exhibited similar degrees of residency at their respective home receiver sites, and travelled similar daily minimum distances. Thus, despite long-term provisioning of this Caribbean reef shark population, there is no evidence for shifts in the behaviours considered which might affect the ecological role of these sharks. However, further research is required to examine potential indirect effects of shark provisioning on sympatric fauna and habitat before this activity can be placed within a sustainable marine conservation framework.     

用计算机对沿岸海浪现场观测的统计特征研究

为了分析广西北海市沿岸的波浪特征,采用计算机对SZF型波浪浮标观测一个月（2008年6月份）的风浪过程资料,并对其进行了统计分析和谱分析,给出了波高和周期分布,以及特征波要素和波谱关系。结果表明,观测期间风向很稳定,以SW和S为主,风速主要在1~3级,2级风的出现频率为40%,1级风为25%,3级风的出现频率为24.2%;波高以3级为主,出现率达66%;主波向出现的频率主要在S向,占35.4%。从风向和浪向来看,S、SW向的波主要是风或外海海浪共同作用所致,但波向与风向一般都有一定的差别,综其原因是风速和风向的变化较快,而波浪的变化有一定的延迟所致,实测波高分布与瑞利分布基本相符。     

中国东部假俭草种质资源多样性初步研究（I） ——物候期变异及其规律

对中国东部有代表性的40份假俭草[EremochloaOphiuroides(Munro)Hack.]种源的物候期进行了观测分析,结果表明:(1)中国东部地区假俭草种质资源的返青期、孕穗初期、盛花期、成熟期、枯萎期、青绿期均存在着不同程度的变异,其中不同种源物候期变异范围大小依次为:孕穗初期(5月29日~9月29日)>盛花期(8月28日~10月24日)>成熟期(10月9日~11月20日)>枯萎期(11月7日~12月1日)>返青期(4月18日~5月8日)。青绿期的变异范围为189~217d。(2)中国东部地区假俭草种质资源的返青期和孕穗初期随着纬度的增加而日趋提前。(3)中国东部地区假俭草种质资源的返青期、孕穗初期、盛花期、成熟期、枯萎期、青绿期间有一部分存在着显著或极显著的相关性。返青期与孕穗初期、盛花期、枯萎期呈显著的正相关,相关系数分别为0.3557、0.3429、0.3995,盛花期与枯萎期呈显著的正相关,相关系数为0.3526;孕穗初期与盛花期、成熟期呈极显著的正相关,相关系数分别为0.7834、0.4626,盛花期与成熟期呈极显著的正相关,相关系数为0.6592;而返青期与青绿期呈极显著的负相关,相关系数为-0.8019,表明假俭草的返青期愈早,青绿期愈长。     

耐连作花生新品种在南昌引进表现

[目的]为了筛选出适宜红壤旱地种植的耐连作花生新品种。[方法]对13个引进的花生新品种进行比较试验。[结果]中花16号适应性强,在进贤温圳、新建石埠均表现出良好的抗病性和高产、稳产性,折合产量分别是3 181.59和3 371.57 kg/hm2,与CK相比增幅均在10%以上;中花12号属红皮花生种,有良好的抗病性和丰产、稳产性,在进贤温圳、新建石埠的产量均多达3 000 kg/hm2;中花9号对青枯病和白绢病的抗性差,但属黑皮花生种,且当病害发生不严重时,可获得3 300 kg/hm2以上的高产;5602-1、9311-801、赣花8号和粤优116等4个品种抗病性和稳产性表现一般,但可获得比CK更高的产量。[结论]中花16号和中花12号适合在红壤旱地广泛种植、推广;5602-1、9311-801、赣花8号和粤优116有利于改善目前花生品种落后、单一、老化的问题,也比较适宜在红壤旱地推广;中花9号适宜打造成地方特色,同时也增加了红壤旱地花生品种的多样性。     

小叶杨扦插繁育技术试验研究初报

摘要：本文通过对我省小叶杨,含垂枝小叶杨扦插繁育技术试验研究和物候现象的观测,初步掌握了小叶杨的扦插繁育技术和工艺流程,取得了一定的试验研究效果,为今后小叶杨的扦插繁育工作打下了良好的基础。     

Simulating the susceptibility of clusters to grape black rot infections depending on their phenological development

In the years 2006–2008, clusters of Vitis vinifera (cv. Riesling) were inoculated with a conidia suspension of Guignardia bidwellii, the causal agent of grape black rot, at weekly intervals from one week before until eight weeks after bloom. Berries’ susceptibility turned out to be strongly linked to the speed of the phenological development in the respective season. In view of this, a degree day-based model simulating the relative susceptibility as a function of the phenological development was established. Infections on inflorescences were already possible prior to bloom. The period of highest susceptibility for direct infection on berries lasted from fruit set to the beginning of bunch closure. Successful infections took place until the end of bunch closure. Ontogenic resistance occurred clearly before veraison. Consequently, control measures should focus on the period between directly prior to bloom and bunch closure. Thus, the time span of black rot control coincides with the period in which vineyards need to be protected against the two major grape pathogens, Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola. Applications of fungicides aimed at powdery and downy mildew control, also effective against G. bidwellii (e.g. strobilurins, triazoles and dithiocarbamates), offer a simultaneous control strategy for these three fungal diseases.     

不同红三叶品种在兰州地区的适应性评价

以岷山红三叶(Trifolium pratense ‘Minshan’)为对照,从物候期、分枝数、株高、草产量、种子产量和营养成分等方面对国外引进的6个红三叶品种进行综合评价,以期筛选出适宜于兰州地区种植的优良红三叶品种,或为红三叶育种提供优异种质资源。结果表明:6个红三叶品种中,除Nzead外,其余均可在兰州地区种植。Sensation的单株鲜草产量、分枝数、单株种子产量优于其他品种;Astred的鲜干比、茎叶比以及粗蛋白含量最高;Cobbity的株高和单株干草产量最高;Colenso的粗脂肪含量最高,粗纤维含量最低;Renegade的单株鲜草产量、分枝数以及粗蛋白含量较低。对各参试品种的综合评价得出,Sensation的综合性状最优,其次为Colenso, Cobbity 和Astred,而Renegade最差。     

肉鸡胚胎发育过程中肝脏的组织学观察

肝脏是家禽体内最大的消化腺,其发生发育与功能的行使紧密相连。本研究从组织学的角度观察肉鸡肝脏组织在胚胎发育过程中的特点,并比较高、低脂系间肝脏组织在发育过程中的区别。结果发现,肝叶体积随日龄的增长而增加;胚胎发育至12日龄时肝小叶结构基本发育完整;在胚胎发育后期,肝细胞内脂滴明显增加,且肝叶周边的肝细胞较肝叶中心的肝细胞增殖活动旺盛。而在整个胚胎发育过程中,两系间肝细胞内脂滴沉积并没有明显的区别。     

枇杷芽变新品系‘川早枇杷’的果实品质、特候期和枝条组织形态学研究(英文)

[目的]探讨枇杷变异新品系———‘川早枇杷’的生长特性及果实品质。[方法]以‘川早枇杷’和‘早钟六号’2个枇杷品种为材料,采取石蜡切片和田间调查相结合的方法,对2个品种的枝条组织形态和物候期进行了对比分析。[结果‘]川早枇杷’的抽梢和展叶时间均比早熟品种‘早钟六号’提前约半个月至1个月左右;‘川早枇杷’的花期和果实成熟期比早熟品种‘早钟六号’提前3个月‘;川早枇杷’春梢各组织在春梢中所占比例为表皮3.7%,皮层薄壁组织14.5%,维管组织15.9%,髓65.9%‘,早钟六号’各组织比例分别为3.1%、42.5%、6.9%、47.5%。[结论]在物候期方面,‘川早枇杷’早于目前广泛栽培的早熟枇杷品种‘早钟六号’,是一种重要的枇杷种质资源。