A Bayesian approach to the accuracy of clinical observations

The accuracy of clinical observations was estimated using Bayesian latent-class models with two or more independent tests. Four veterinarians carried out systematic independent clinical examinations on 155 pigs in three herds. Based on the results of binary recordings of clinical observations on dullness, poor body condition (PBC), skin lesions, lameness, respiratory disease, and diarrhea, a latent disease state for each clinical disease was estimated using Gibbs sampling.

The accuracy of the clinical observations differed for the four observers and for different clinical signs. Population parameters were estimated from a Bayesian hierarchical model, and the accuracy of a random observer was calculated. We concluded that the accuracy of the veterinarians in this study substantiated the need to pursue more-precise definitions of the clinical findings and that larger sample sizes would be needed to provide reasonable variance estimates. Finally, we concluded that the uncertainty in the clinical decision-making process (starting with the clinical examination) needs to be represented fully.     

互助北山林区物候探讨

青海互助北山林区和中国大部分北方林区类似,通过对这个地区物候现象的观测记载,发现本区最适宜的农林生产作业时间,更好指导本区农林业生产。     

浙江凤阳山－百山祖自然保护区综合考察报告

１９８０年以来，对浙江凤阳山－百山祖自然保护区先后３次考察，揭示了这一自然保护区生物资源一些特点，即生物群落地带的特殊性、生物区系成分的古老性、生物物种的多样性、珍稀动植物种类的丰富、森林植被垂直分布系列的完整，本区又是一些植物的分化和变异中心，是一处十分难得的森林生态和生物多样性自然保护区，同时又介绍了保护区建立前后所开展的一些科研活动。     

HPLC quantification of coumarin in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae)

Coumarin occurs in many plants used as flavoring and is known to possess hepatotoxic effects. Despite in the EFSA ‘Compendium of botanicals containing toxic substances’ coumarin is reported to be present in Melittis melissophyllum (bastard balm), a plant traditionally used as beverage in Italy and Serbia, to the best of our knowledge quantitative data has never been reported. Thus, the amount of coumarin in bastard balm leaves and its variation during the annual phenological cycle were determined. The subsp. melissophyllum resulted to contain high levels of coumarin (14,392 mg/kg), mainly in the early stages of the plant cycle, suggesting prudence in its use as beverage. Furthermore, coumarin was found to be useful as marker compound to differentiate the bastard balm subspecies occurring in Italy, since the subsp. albida contained a much lower content of this molecule (19–34 mg/kg).     

气象条件对湄潭春季绿茶物候期影响研究

在湄潭县兴隆镇接官坪茶山选取观测点,进行茶树物候期、气象要素的收集,同时每隔3～4d进行品质的测试,研究气象条件对绿茶物候期的影响.结果表明,2013年茶树从萌发初期到采摘期间相对提前10～20 d.     

引种花椒苗期物候观测初报

在山西省平顺县刘家村试验地对2011年从甘肃、陕西、四川、山西等地引进的5个2年生花椒品种的物候期进行了观测,以当地花椒品种为对照,初步了解了这些品种在试验区的生物学特征和生态适应性,掌握了其季相变化规律,研究结果表明,花椒物侯期的变化与自然环境因子密切相关;各品种在4月初萌动,4月中旬发芽,4月下旬至5月上旬叶片开始脱落;所有品种中狮子头的物候期明显较其它品种滞后6d～12d,其它品种的物候期无较大差异.     

安庆地区省沽油生物学特性初探

[目的]对安庆地区省沽油物候期和形态特征进行观察探究,为省沽油在沿江丘陵地区推广种植、开发利用提供理论和技术基础。[方法]对移栽4年生40株省沽油的物侯期、形态特征进行系统调查。[结果]安庆地区省沽油2月下旬～3月上旬萌动;3月上旬～4月中旬展叶、现蕾;4月初～5月初进入开花期;4月底～6月上旬结果;8月上旬～9月下旬果实成熟;8月中旬～10月初蒴果脱落;10月下旬～11月下旬叶片变色、脱落;随后冬季枝干进入休眠期,到第2年2月上旬。以4年树龄省沽油为例,平均株高148 cm,最高株高1.7m,平均地径2.0 cm,每株平均主干枝6根,每根主干枝平均着生8根果枝,当年生长量为40～80 cm。圆锥花序顶生直立,形似珍珠,蒴果膀胱状,种子椭圆形而扁。[结论]省沽油在沿江丘陵坡地可栽培。     

以色列野生燕麦物候及农艺性状与起源生态地理因素的相关性

为探讨起源地生态地理因素对野生燕麦物候期和农艺性状的影响,对种植于成都金堂试验地的源自以色列不同地区7个野生燕麦群体70个基因型的19个物候和农艺性状进行了测定,并用单因素方差(One-Way ANOVA)、相关性网络(Correlation-based network analysis,CNA)、斯皮尔曼秩相关(Spearmanp’s Rho Correlation)等方法进行数据分析。结果表明,不同群体和基因型间的物候期和农艺性状差异明显。其中,全生育期最短的群体是Sede Boqer,来自该群体的SB14-07的生育期仅170.0d;最大单株生物产量出现在Caesarea群体中,达268.1g;而千粒重最大的是来自Tabigha群体的Tg-09,为28.8g。起源地水分、温度、地理等因素对野生燕麦的物候及农艺性状起不同程度的关键性影响。以上结果说明,野生燕麦物候及农艺性状差异的实质是其长期与环境相互作用,在自然选择压力下进化形成的遗传多样性。     

Poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants - field observations

Data from post-mortem and field studies were obtained that discussed poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants. From the notes, all plants studied caused death in ostriches and there was systemic organ damage. Poisoning from Sarcostemma viminale (Melktou) resulted in beak patting, muscular tremors and head flopping, followed by collapse and violent kicking before death. Ingestion of Combretum oatesii (Red wings) seeds from plants in free grazing pastures resulted in vomiting, restlessness, eyelid flicking, collapse and kicking movements. Dichapetalum cymosum (Gifblaar) killed an ostrich after episodes of shaking legs, rapid respiration and bradycardia and hyperaemia of the lungs, liver and kidneys. Poisoning from Senecio sceleratus (Ragwort) caused skin haemorrhages and bleeding in tracheal mucous membranes, the pericardium, diaphragm and interperitoneal membrane. Consumption of drupes from Melia azedarach (Syringa berry) caused muscle tremors, kicking movements and respiratory distress. Lantana camara (Cherry pie) poisoning resulted in extremely inflamed eyes with copious yellow exudates extending down their beaks and onto their necks. Bentonite was administered by gavage at a dose of 5 g/kg. Poisoning in these cases is usually associated with the farmer allowing his/her birds to roam free-range in paddocks in which toxic plants are growing. Toxic plants should be removed from grass cut for hay. The author is willing to send photographs of all poisonous plants if requested by a reader.     

小兴安岭红松苗木物候期变化特征及气象影响因子分析

为了探究红松苗木物候期的变化规律,为适时播种、采种、造林、培育等林业生产提供科学依据。利用1991—2014 年小兴安岭红松苗木物候期资料及同期气候资料,采用相关分析及最优子集回归方法,分析探讨了红松苗木物候期对气象条件的响应。结果表明：（1）红松苗木芽开放始期、新梢木质化盛期有所推迟,展叶始期和新枝形成盛期都有提前趋势,整个生长季延长。（2）除芽开放始期和顶芽形成盛期外,其他物候期与期间的日照时数呈显著正相关;顶芽形成盛期与气温呈显著负相关;≥10℃积温和日最低气温是影响整个生长期长短的2 个主要影响因子,其次是日照时数和平均气温。利用最优子集回归方法建立了红松苗木物候期与气象要素的回归方程。