吉林省大豆品种遗传改良过程中叶片和叶柄特征变化的研究

[目的]研究吉林省大豆复叶面积及叶柄直径和长度的变化,为高产大豆的改良及种质资源研究提供参考。[方法]以吉林省1923年以来生产上主推的42个大豆品种的第4、10、16节位叶片为对象,研究复叶面积、叶柄长度和叶柄直径随年代变化的趋势。[结果]吉林省不同年代大豆复叶面积和叶柄的生长均呈＂慢—快—慢＂的＂S＂型曲线。叶片面积和叶柄的生长进程不同,叶柄长度的生长较叶片面积的生长推迟3～5d,较叶柄直径的生长推迟5～7d。大豆第4节位叶叶面积有随育成年代推进而增大的变化趋势,但第10和第16节位叶叶面积则随育成年代呈下降的变化趋势;大豆叶片的叶柄长度和直径在所有节位均随育成年代推进而增加。[结论]吉林省生产主推的大豆品种的底层叶面积递增,中层和上层的叶面积随年代的推进而递减;叶柄长度增长;叶柄直径增大。     

蓖麻不同部位叶柄毒蛋白含量的测定

试验以蓖麻为研究对象,优化从叶柄中提取蛋白的过程,利用BCA试剂盒、UVwin5紫外软件V5．1．0、BandScan蛋白定量分析软件相结合的方法对蓖麻组培苗不同部位的叶柄中毒蛋白的含量进行测定．为研究蓖麻毒蛋白在蓖麻组织培养植株不同部位的分布情况奠定基础。结果表明：从总体上看,蓖麻叶柄中的毒蛋白的含量与叶位呈正比,即随着叶位的升高,叶柄中的毒蛋白含量增加。     

刺五加叶片组织培养研究

为扩大刺五加种群数量,以刺五加叶片、叶柄为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究了不同调节因子组合对愈伤组织诱导、分化的影响。结果表明,诱导刺五加叶片、叶柄形成愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+1.5 mgL-16-BA+1.5mgL-12,4-D,诱导率分别为86.70%、46.70%。最佳分化培养基为MS+2.0 mgL-16-BA+0.20 mgL-1NAA,叶片分化率达80.80%,叶柄分化率为53.33%,愈伤块形成芽丛的情况最好。     

不同基因型甜菜叶柄的组织培养及植株的再生

本文报导了６种不同基因型甜菜叶柄的离体培养结果。实验通过预培养、诱导分化培养,获得了再生植株,建立了甜菜快速繁殖程序。结果表明：甜菜幼苗先经ＭＳＢ附加一定量的６－苄氨基嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）和萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）组合的培养基中预培养,再取叶柄（带叶片）转入ＭＳ附加６－ＢＡ和ＮＡＡ的培养基中诱导分化,不定芽发生频率为１８．３％～４７．５％,不同基因型材料,诱导率不同。采用ＭＳＢ或ＭＳ大量元素减半,附加一定量的萘乙酸生根培养基,诱导生根率在８０％以上,移栽成活率高达１０％。     

Plant response to evapotranspiration and soil water sensor irrigation scheduling methods for papaya production in south Florida

An irrigation study was conducted to determine the effects of implementing different irrigation practices on growth and yields of papaya plants in south Florida. Treatments included using automated switching tensiometers based on soil water status, irrigation based on ET calculated from historic weather data and a set schedule irrigation regime. The study consisted of two trials (2006-2007 and 2008-2009). Water volumes applied, plant height and diameter, leaf gas exchange, leaf petiole nutrient levels, fruit yields and fruit total soluble solids were measured throughout the study. For both trials, significantly more water was applied in the set schedule irrigation treatment than in all other treatments; historic ET and soil water based treatments received only about 31-36% of the water applied in the set schedule irrigation. Trunk diameter and plant height per unit water volume applied values for the set schedule treatment were significantly lower than those from all other treatments during both trials. The set schedule treatment in both trials also had the lowest crop production water use efficiency (CP-WUE); CP-WUE values among all other treatments were generally not significantly different from each other. Soil water and historic ET-based irrigation methods were identified as more sustainable practices compared to set schedule irrigation due to the lower water volumes applied while maintaining plant nutrient content, growth, photosynthetic rates, and fruit yields for this production system.