半胱胺对奶牛生产性能及血清激素水平的影响

选择 3 2头泌乳母牛 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 8头 ,饲养 47d。在各组奶牛精料中按每天每头分别添加 0、2 0、3 0、40g半胱胺添加剂CT -2 0 0 0 ,研究半胱胺对奶牛生产性能及血液激素指标的影响。试验结果表明 :①精料中添加半胱胺显著提高奶牛产奶量5 .0 1% ,降低料奶比 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对精料采食量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;②添加半胱胺有提高无脂固形物、乳脂与乳糖趋势 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;③添加半胱胺 2 0、3 0、40g可分别显著 (P <0 .0 5 )提高血清胰岛素水平 19.82 %、2 3 .73 %与 3 0 .0 0 % (P <0 .0 1) ,但对血清中T3、T4 有降低趋势 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;④精料中每日每头添加CT -2 0 0 0 2 0g较 3 0、40g剂量对提高奶牛生产性能效果更佳     

青海省草原生态管护员管理情况调查

为全面掌握青海省草原生态管护员履职与管理情况,加强草原生态管护员的考评和管理工作,2017年底由青海省农牧厅草原处牵头,抽调省草原总站和省草原监理站相关人员组成调研组,对全省草原管护员队伍的组织现状、履职情况、管理方式及存在的问题进行了深入调研,并就进一步完善管理制度,强化政策措施,推动草原生态管护员发挥更大的管护作用提出了一些意见建议。     

Industry Perceptions of HERDA in Performance Horses

Hereditary equine regional derma asthenia (HERDA), an autosomal-recessive trait, found in Quarter Horses, causes abnormal collagen structure. Owing to current breeding practices, 3.5% of registered quarter horses and 28.3% of the cow horse population are heterozygote carriers. Research demonstrated homozygote horses develop hyperextensible skin susceptible to injury and other abnormal tissues containing high fibrillar collagen content. No research exists determining the effects of the disease in heterozygote carriers. Currently, 30% of cutting sires are HERDA carriers, potentially increasing the number of heterozygous individuals when bred. The objective of the present study is to gauge knowledge of the disease, perception, and concerns of the diseases’ impact on horse performance and perceived value and breeding decisions. A Qualtrics link was distributed to horse owners via extension specialists and was available online on equine-related Facebook pages. Overall group means and standard deviations for constructs were reported. A total of 228 responses were collected. Most participants were involved in reining and cutting and 34.6% reported they were very familiar with the disease. Participants (78.5%) reported that HERDA status affects value of a breeding animal. Owners of HERDA carriers (62.5%) noticed no difference in performance or injury compared with noncarriers. Respondents (95.2%) believed that all breeding animals should have HERDA status available. Respondents are attempting to make informed breeding decisions based on HERDA status by pairing carriers with noncarriers; however, it remains to be seen if that is adequate to control the disease. Education regarding breeding practices and its impact on the genetic pool are warranted.     

人工杉木林前期抚育间伐管理的探讨

针对目前人工杉木林前期抚育间伐存在的问题,提出相应的管理对策.     

宋儒《中庸》学之滥觞——从经学史与道学史的视角看胡瑗的《中庸》诠释

中小银行比较优势需要内外部多方面因素配合,中美中小银行的实证检验表明：宏观环境、市场结构、经营模式和公司治理四个因素对中小银行经营绩效存在显著影响。其中,宏观环境是中小银行生存和发展的基础,适度的市场竞争是中小银行形成比较优势的外部压力,经营模式和公司治理是中小银行比较优势形成的内因,四个因素相互配合才能促进中小银行比较优势发挥。     

Relative effects of management and environmental conditions on performance and survival of populations of a terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza majalis

For population viability analysis of endangered orchid populations, it is crucial to disentangle the effects of weather and management from intrinsic orchid dynamics. When doing this, typically several months’ average temperatures and/or sums of precipitations are compared with some characteristics of plant performance. Here we tested, whether short averaging intervals (1-2 weeks) are more closely correlated with orchid performance. We used 5 years of data from five Dactylorhiza majalis populations, and have shown that the improvement of prediction by shortening the interval over which the temperatures are averaged or precipitation summed, even if detectable, is only weak and not significant. This, however, may be due to low weather variability during the study. Regarding the second aspect, the effect of management (presence or absence of mowing), we have found that leaf area of D. majalis at the regularly mown site was larger than that at the sites which were mown only once in 2 years, but we did not detect a significant effect of the absence of mowing on the incidence of flowering. Mowing can affect orchid performance in two ways: by reduced shading of orchids and by reducing competition with other species. Therefore, we have determined the co-occurring species associated with presence or absence of mowing and found that shading significantly affected the length of the flower stalk, the ratio of leaf width to leaf length at the end of the season, but did not affect seed weight and probability of flowering the next year. We conclude that the most appropriate management for D. majalis is mowing at least once a year, ideally at the end of June/beginning of July, after its fruiting.     

Future land utilization and management for sustainable crop production

Soil cultivation caused a great change in the ecological state, from a situation with the soil surface protected by vegetation to a situation with bare soil exposed to climatic forces during part of the year. Annual crops require annual soil cultivation, and the increased mineralization of organic matter and the loss of soil productivity by erosion, leaching and other degradation processes remain a problem for sustainable food production. The challenge for the future is to manage the agricultural landscape in units which are catchments. These units would contain intensively drained and cultivated areas, permanent vegetation zones, as well as natural and constructed wetlands working as condensors and self-purifying units. The management would be differentiated according to a land suitability approach with intensity of use based on productivity and requirements for maintenance of environmental quality.     

Effect of tree species on carbon stocks in forest floor and mineral soil and implications for soil carbon inventories

Forest soil organic carbon (SOC) and forest floor carbon (FFC) stocks are highly variable. The sampling effort required to assess SOC and FFC stocks is therefore large, resulting in limited sampling and poor estimates of the size, spatial distribution, and changes in SOC and FFC stocks in many countries. Forest SOC and FFC stocks are influenced by tree species. Therefore, quantification of the effect of tree species on carbon stocks combined with spatial information on tree species distribution could improve insight into the spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks.We present a study on the effect of tree species on FFC and SOC stock for a forest in the Netherlands and evaluate how this information could be used for inventory improvement. We assessed FFC and SOC stocks in stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and larch (Larix kaempferi).FFC and SOC stocks differed between a number of species. FFC stocks varied between 11.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ (beech) and 29.6 Mg C ha⁻¹ (larch). SOC stocks varied between 53.3 Mg C ha⁻¹ (beech) and 97.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ (larch). At managed locations, carbon stocks were lower than at unmanaged locations. The Dutch carbon inventory currently overestimates FFC stocks. Differences in carbon stocks between conifer and broadleaf forests were significant enough to consider them relevant for the Dutch system for carbon inventory.     

S形贯流泵装置多工况过流部件水力性能分析

为深入研究S形轴伸贯流泵装置过流部件的水力性能,采用CFD技术对泵装置进行了多工况全流道的数值计算,分析了泵装置各过流部件的水力性能,重点阐述了3种特征工况(小流量工况KQ=0.368、最优工况KQ=0.490、大流量工况KQ=0.613)时转轮叶片表面的静压分布、摩擦力线、各轴向弦长位置的轴向速度分布以及导叶体内部流态和回收环量效果。结果表明:在轮缘侧的叶片压力面静压值较大,在轮毂侧的叶片吸力面的静压值较大,轮缘侧较小,且随着展向位置Span值的增大,压力面与吸力面的压差呈现出逐渐递增趋势。在最优工况时,从导叶体进口至出口,导叶体的静压值逐渐增大。随流量的减小,导叶体的回收环量比CH先减小后增大。在最优工况KQ=0.490时,回收环量比CH最小,其值仅为0.031。针对该泵装置进行了同尺寸的物理模型试验,获得了泵装置的综合特性曲线,在叶片安放角-2°时,新型S形轴伸贯流泵装置的最高效率达83.55%,此时流量系数KQ=0.443,扬程系数KH=0.828。通过物理模型试验结果对泵装置外特性预测结果进行了验证,对比分析结果表明数值模拟是可信的。