不同甜荞资源的营养保健成分研究

[目的]明确部分甜荞资源的营养保健成分含量,筛选出优质的甜荞资源。[方法]以产量较高的丰甜1号、平甜2号、纯甜1号、纯甜3号、纯甜4号、威甜1号、威甜2号和纯甜1408号为试验材料,测定了荞麦籽粒中总糖、还原糖、总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、黄酮等含量,同时测定了籽粒的膨胀力和持水力。[结果]部分甜荞品种中可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、还原糖、总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量及持水力、膨胀力差异显著,而所有品种间黄酮含量的差异不显著。[结论]甜荞籽粒中淀粉含量较高,以支链淀粉为主。     

青藏高原东北部3种野豌豆植物学特性及资源储量

采用野外定点法、最小样方法和统计学方法对生长于青藏高原东北部的3种野豌豆属植物的植物学特性、生态环境、群落数量特征及资源储量进行研究。结果显示,救荒野豌豆、山野豌豆和三齿萼野豌豆的植物学特性、生态环境和群落数量特征具有一定差异,3种野豌豆在青海省的资源总储量分别为0.46×10~6、0.23×10~6、0.27×10~6 kg,表明3种野豌豆属植物的资源总量在青海省并不高,应对其进行有效的引种驯化,实现人工繁育和增加资源储量,这既可保护青海省甚至青藏高原的生态环境,也可对其资源进行有效地保护和合理开发利用。     

天然花色苷的资源收集及稳定性测定

通过天然花色苷材料野外采集，共得到50种植物的花色苷样品，采用pH 1.0/pH 4.5溶液吸光值（△OD）差值法，对这些花色苷提取液进行了1年的测定和筛选，筛选出了花色苷颜色稳定性较好的桔梗（Platycodon grandiflorua A.）、蜀葵（Althaea. Rosea L.）、翠雀（Delphinium grandiflorum L.）和日本红菊（Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat）等4种植物资源。对这4种花色苷进行酸碱性、光照、金属离子、热处理等条件下的稳定性测定，表明在pH4.0以下稳定，高于pH4.0稳定性则明显下降。日光、pH 1.0条件下上述4种花色苷溶液的半衰期分别为339d、255d、226d和234d。钙、镁离子对花色苷的稳定性无影响，铝、铜、锡和铁的存在降低花色苷的稳定性，其中铝影响较小，铜锡影响较大，铁影响最大。在100℃ 20min pH1.0热处理下色素损失率分别为2.7%、29.2%、20.0%和7.1%。桔梗花色苷稳定性明显优于其余3种花色苷。结果表明上述4种花色苷有希望开发成为食品色素添加剂。     

Resource allocation tradeoffs in Manila’s peri-urban vegetable production systems: An application of multiple objective programming

This paper designed and developed a multi-objective programming (MOP) model to illustrate the dynamic relationship among technologies, productive activities, constraints and farmers’ objectives in the peri-urban vegetable production system and use the model as an economic tool in analysing probable consequences of a given action or innovation on the farm. The best compromise solution was generated using four analytical steps, as follows: single-objective optimization (to determine the ideal and anti-ideal values of the objective functions); constrained optimization (to generate the set of Pareto non-dominated solutions); cluster analysis (to trim down efficient set into smaller homogeneous groups); and compromise programming (to determine where the best compromise solution lies).     

分布式异构数字资源整合概述

 

对分布式异构数字资源的整合检索模式、整合协议、资源连接方式、编码等几个方面

进行了概括介绍。

     

Multi-scale use of lands providing anthropogenic resources by American Crows in an urbanizing landscape

The conversion of forests and farmlands to human settlements has negative impacts on many native species, but also provides resources that some species are able to exploit. American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), one such exploiter, create concern due to their impact as nest predators, disease hosts, and cultural harbingers of evil. We used various measures of crow abundance and resource use to determine crows’ response to features of anthropogenic landscapes in the Puget Sound region of the United States. We examined land cover and land use composition at three spatial scales: study sites (up to 208 ha), crow home ranges within sites (18.1 ha), and local land cover (400 m²). At the study site and within-site scales crow abundance was strongly correlated with land cover providing anthropogenic resources. In particular, crows were associated with the amount of ‘maintained forest’ cover, and were more likely to use grass and shrub cover than forest or bare soil cover. Although crows did not show a generalized response to an edge variable, they exhibited greater use of patchy habitat created by human settlements than of native forests. Radio-tagged territorial adults used resources within their home ranges relatively evenly, suggesting resource selection had occurred at a larger spatial scale. The land conversion pattern of new suburban and exurban settlements creates the mix of impervious surfaces and maintained vegetation that crows use, and in our study area crow populations are expected to continue to increase. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于GIS多源数据融合的湖北省中稻增产潜力研究

在1993—2012年湖北省各县（市、区）水稻生产实际状况、气象资料、地形等多种数据的支持下,使用GIS技术建立数据库。结合中稻生长发育规律,计算中稻光合、光温、气候、耕地生产潜力及增产潜力、增产空间,将增产潜力划分为5个等级区,绘制了相应的图表,进一步研究了湖北省中稻不同种植区域对自然资源的利用现状及开发前景。湖北省中稻增产潜力巨大,理论值达1187.8万t,限制增产潜力的主要因素是耕地和气候。     

江苏沿海耕地资源量空间分布态势评价

首先采用农用地分等中自然质量分值的计算方法对江苏沿海耕地自然质量进行测算,然后在此基础上结合各乡镇耕地面积和人口数量计算人均耕地量,对江苏沿海地区耕地资源量的空间分布态势进行评价。结果表明:研究区北部、中西部和南部除少数地区外耕地质量总体较好,中东部耕地质量较差;耕地质量优良的地区人均耕地量水平较低,耕地质量较差的地区人均耕地量水平反而较高。根据评价结果,从提高土地整体利用效率、合理占用耕地、合理开发土地后备资源、污染排放源头控制与生产过程中治理相结合等几个方面提出了沿海地区耕地资源可持续利用的有效途径。     

云南梨砧木资源简述

本文对云南梨的砧木作了系统归纳,包括梨属的川梨、砂梨、滇梨、杜梨、豆梨与 异属的榅桲、牛筋条等,介绍了其植物学特性以及相关砧木在云南省内的研究利用情况,分析了存在的问题,并就砧木对产业发展的制约提出了解决思路。     

农业信息化的现状及发展对策

本文介绍了农业信息化的概念及发达国家农业信息化的现状、未来发展趋势。结合我国农业信息化的实际情况,从农业信息网络基础、资源建设、精准农业、人才培养、“最后一公里”障碍及其它制约因素等六个方面对我国农业信息化提出了建议。