pH及浓度对次氯酸钠除藻效果的影响

[目的]研究次氯酸钠在不同浓度和不同pH奈件下对羊角月牙藻的杀灭效果。[方法]以细胞数和叶绿素a作为检测项目,研究次氟酸钠在不同条件下对羊角月牙藻的杀灭效果以及叶绿素a褪色后的藻细胞活性。[结果]次氯酸钠浓度越高,叶绿素a的褪色效果越好,但细胞数减少量变化不明显。在3mg／L的NaCIO条件下,pH为4．7的藻液中叶绿素a褪色率（62％）是pH为9．4（5％）的12倍。叶绿素a褪色率为95％和100％的藻液离心后重新接种到新鲜培养基中,藻细胞的数量呈逐渐下降趋势。[结论]pH越低,次氯酸钠的除藻效果越好。叶绿素i褪色后藻细胞失去了生长繁殖的能力。通过调节pH和NaCIO浓度相结合的方法可有效抑制藻类生长,控制藻类的爆发。     

Impact of sodium cyanide on catalase activity in the freshwater exotic carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

The Cyprinus carpio fingerlings on exposure to lethal (1 mg/L) and sub lethal concentrations (0.066 mg/L) of sodium cyanide showed inhibition in the activity of catalase. The disruption of catalase activity in freshwater fish, C. carpio is demonstrated in the present study using UV–visible spectrophotometer at 240 nm using hydrogen peroxide as a substrate. It suggests toxic effects of sodium cyanide and consequent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the functionally different tissues namely, liver, gill, muscle and brain. This might lead to cellular damages, and create widespread physiological disturbance. The results suggest that catalase activity can be a good diagnostic tool for sodium cyanide toxicity in biomonitoring programme.     

Extraction of flax shive using sodium ethoxide catalyst in anhydrous ethanol

This work investigated the yield and nature of solvent-soluble organic compounds extracted from flax shive using a room temperature reaction (20 °C) with sodium ethoxide catalyst at four different concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 M) in anhydrous ethanol. Results were compared with the use of aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.0 M) at two different reaction temperatures (20 °C and 100 °C). Quantitative yield from flax shive varied linearly with sodium ethoxide concentration and averaged 54.5 mg/g on a dry-mass basis (db) at 1.0 M. In contrast, the quantitative yield using 1.0 M sodium hydroxide was much lower, averaging 2.2 mg/g (db). Yield did not differ significantly due to changes of particle size in either case, or due to changes of temperature over the range considered in the case of sodium hydroxide.Analyses using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) confirmed all extracts to contain aromatic compounds, thus likely lignin derived, but found differences in chemical characteristics between the two extraction methods. One key difference was the presence of compounds with methyl ether groups in sodium hydroxide extracts that were absent in the case of sodium ethoxide extracts. Given that flax contains a mixed guaiacyl-syringyl lignin, methyl ether groups would be expected to be present. Control reactions on three model compounds were carried out to confirm that transesterification occurred with sodium ethoxide. These control reactions also demonstrated that methyl ether groups would be expected to remain intact under the extraction conditions reported here. In light of the higher yield of solvent soluble compounds recovered by extraction with basic ethanol, flax shive may represent a source of value-added phenolic constituents. This processing method may also represent a useful pre-treatment prior to the production of biofuels by cellulose degrading organisms.     

外源NaHS对盐胁迫下板栗幼苗的缓解效应

为探讨外源硫化氢对盐胁迫下板栗幼苗的缓解作用,以两年生红粟2号板栗幼苗为试材,研究不同浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0mmol/L)的硫化氢供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)对I00mmol/L NaCl胁迫下板栗幼苗叶片光合、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:喷施外源NaHS可不同程度缓解盐胁迫对板栗幼苗叶片造成的伤害,与100mmol/L NaC1胁迫处理相比,叶绿素含量提高,MDA含量降低,脯氨酸含量升高,从而有效降低了盐胁迫下细胞膜受损程度,提高了板栗对盐渍环境的适应性,且这种缓解效应存在明显的剂量效应,以0.5、1.0 mmol/L NaHS两个浓度效果较好.     

碳酸氢钠添加剂对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量的影响

选择体重、胎次、泌乳期、乳脂率和产奶量基本一致的健康无病荷斯坦奶牛12头,随机分成四组,每组3头,即试验1组,试验2组,试验3组和对照组,在试验组奶牛的混合精料中分别添加碳酸氢钠50g／头,100g／头,150g／头。试验前后相比,试验组与对照组的产奶量都呈下降趋势,1组,2组,3组与对照组的产奶量分别下降了1．95kg,1．47kg,2．17kg,3．73kg,Ⅰ组,2组,3组与对照组相比,乳脂率、4％标准乳分别提高了3．82％,5．88％,5．00％,10．54％（P〈0．05）,12．60％（P〈0．01）8．36％（P〈0．05）。     

硒对日本沼虾耐受亚硝酸钠胁迫的作用

[目的]研究亚硝酸钠胁迫下饲料中添加适量的有机硒（富硒酵母）对日本沼虾抗氧化酶活性的影响。[方法]在饲料中添加适量的有机硒,测定虾体肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。[结果]SOD活性随着亚硝酸钠浓度的增加先升高后降低,试验组沼虾的SOD活性高于无硒对照组。[结论]在饲料中添加适量浓度的有机硒后能够增强SOD活性,而且有助于增强日本沼虾机体的抗氧化能力。     

外源一氧化氮供体SNP对水稻叶片中由硒引起的脂质过氧化的调节作用

一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)是植物中一种重要的信号分子, 在诱导种子萌发, 影响植物生长发育, 促进植物细胞衰亡等方面发挥着重要作用。然而对于外源NO是否参与了Se诱导的脂质过氧化调节过程仍不为人知。我们研究了0.2 μmol L^-1和20 μmol L^-1Na₂SeO₃及一氧化氮供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside, SNP)处理对水稻叶片叶绿素、H₂O₂和硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, TBARS)含量, 愈创木酚过氧化物酶(guaiacol peroxidase, GPX)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase, APX)活性等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明, 1 μmol L^-1SNP处理促进GPX、APX和CAT活性, 缓解膜脂过氧化, 降低TBARS含量;显著提高0.2 μmol L^-1Na₂SeO₃处理下水稻叶片中叶绿素含量。在20 μmol L^-1Na₂SeO₃处理下, 外加1 μmol L^-1SNP更加显著促进GPX和CAT活性, 与此同时明显降低20 μmol L^-1Na₂SeO₃处理引起的H₂O₂含量上升, 并降低TBARS含量。NO对植物中由Se引起的脂质过氧化具有调节作用。     

Comparative efficacy of conventional and new rodenticides against Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) in wheat and alfalfa crops

In order to compare the efficacies of new rodenticides (sodium selenite and cellulose) and conventional ones (bromadiolone, brodifacoum and cholecalciferol) in controlling Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) in wheat and alfalfa crops, experiments were conducted at two sites near Belgrade, Serbia, in the spring of 2008, using a standard EPPO method. The presence of rodent populations, their spatial distribution and density indexes were evaluated by pre-treatment census, and rodenticide efficacy by counting active holes 14 and 28 days after treatment.     

Evidences of osteoporosis improvement in Wistar rats treated with Ginkgo biloba extract: A histomorphometric study of mandible and femur

This study was aimed at investigating the anti-osteoporotic effects of the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) in glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis. A significant reduction was observed in the percentage of the bone of the osteoporosis group in both the mandible and femur. The EGb group treated with 28 and 56 mg/Kg showed a significant increase in the percentage of trabecular bone (PTB) of the femur. The percentage of the alveolar bone of the mandible (PAB) had a significant increase with all doses of EGb. The treatment with EGb significantly reversed the loss of the PAB of the mandible and of the PTB of the femur.