The effects of delays between restraint and sampling on some blood parameters in sheep

Twenty three non pregnant, non lactating aged Merino and Border Leicester ewes were subject to four jugular venipunctures one hour apart (times 0, 1, 2 and 3). Four different delay intervals of 12.5, 64.0, 128.0 and 252.9 seconds between catching and sampling (delays 1, 2, 3 and 4) were used on each sheep in a random manner. Estimates were made of packed cell volumes (PCVs), plasma and erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations. The mean PCV at time 0 of 35.4 per cent was significantly higher than the levels of 33.1, 31.8 and 32.2 per cent at times 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There was no significant difference between the means at times 1, 2 and 3. The mean plasma potassium concentrations at time 0 of 4.37 mmol/l was significantly higher than the levels of 4.16 and 4.14 mmol/l at times 1 and 3 respectively. Delays had no significant effects on the means of any of the parameters studied. The findings strongly suggest that sheep become excited by initial handling but not by subsequent venipunctures and that a delay between catching and sampling of between 12.5 and 252.9 second has no effect on the blood constituents studied.     

Sodium dichloroacetate improves radiosensitivity of U251 cells

AIM: To study the change of radiosensitivity of U251 cells after treated with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and further to explore the possible mechanism.METHODS: The U251 cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, DCA group, X-ray irradiation without DCA pretreatment (IR) group and X-ray irradiation with DCA pretreatment (DIR) group. MTT assay was applied to determine the cell viability. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DHE fluorescence. The expression level of Bcl-2 was assessed by Western blot. The percentage of apoptosis of cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: No difference between control group and DCA group in cell viability (P>0.05) was observed. However, the cell viability of both IR group and DIR group was markedly reduced compared with control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the viability of DIR group was significantly decreased compared with IR group (P<0.05). The percentage of ROS positive cells was obviously increased in DIR group compared with IR group (P<0.05). The expression level of Bcl-2 was sharply decreased in DIR group (P<0.05) and the percentage of apoptosis of cells was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in DIR group compared with IR group.CONCLUSION: The better antitumor effect was obtained by improving the radiosensitivity through pretreating the cells with DCA, and the possible mechanism was down-regulation of the Bcl-2 expression by developing the intracellular ROS.     

CTS-g-PAA/SH高吸水性树脂的缓释和保水性能

【研究目的】以壳聚糖(CTS)、丙烯酸(AA)和腐殖酸钠(SH)为原料，在水溶液中通过接枝共聚反应合成壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酸/腐殖酸钠(CTS-g-PAA/SH)高吸水性树脂；【方法】考察CTS-g-PAA/SH树脂在不同浓度盐溶液中的溶胀行为、反复吸水性能、SH的缓释性能和在土壤中的实际保水效果；【结果】在SH含量为10%时，CTS-g-PAA/SH树脂在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的吸水倍率分别达到183g/g和41g/g；CTS-g-PAA/SH高吸水性树脂具有较好的反复吸水性能；与CTS-g-PAA相比，含有1.0%CTS-g-PAA/SH树脂的沙土，20d后仍然具有6.75%的保水率；SH能与AA发生聚合反应，形成网络结构，当SH含量超过30%时，过量的SH是以物理填充方式存在于高吸水性树脂的交联网络中，且容易释放；【结论】SH能改善CTS-g-PAA的吸水性，CTS-g-PAA/SH高吸水性树脂不仅可降低产品成本，而且还具有缓释腐殖酸的功能。     

Extractability of cellulases in forest litter and soil

Summary Cellulases in forest litter and soil occur in both bound and extractable forms. The proportion of total bound endocellulase activity (not extractable) increases during decomposition, whereas the proportion of bound exocellulase activity remains fairly constant. The proportions of bound enzymes differ among litter types with different chemical compositions. The proportion of bound activity is higher in mineral soil than in litter. We also investigated the effects of anion type (NaCl versus Na₂SO₄), concentration and pH on the extractability of cellulases and protein in two horizons of two forest soils. The extractability of cellulases increases as pH increases from 3.5 to 5.6. Anion type and concentration did not have consistent effects on extractability. However, there was a trend for higher extractability by sulfate than by chloride and with increasing salinity.     

Combined effects of sodium chlorite dip treatment and chitosan coatings on the quality of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears

This study evaluated the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) alone and its sequential treatment with edible coatings on browning inhibition and quality maintenance of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears. Edible coatings were prepared from chitosan (CH) and its water-soluble derivative carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH), separately. Pear wedges were immersed in SC solution, followed by coating with CH or CMCH solutions. The samples were packed in unsealed bags and stored at 4 °C for subsequent color, firmness, and weight loss measurement. The effects of the SC and coating treatments on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and microbial inactivation were also evaluated. Results indicated that SC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of browning and PPO activity. The SC treatment was also strongly effective in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pear slices. Coating SC-treated pear slices with CH adversely affected the quality of pear slices by accelerating the discoloration of cut surfaces and increasing the PPO activity. On the contrary, coating SC-treated samples with CMCH significantly prevented the browning reaction and inhibited PPO activity. In addition, SC and CH/CMCH coatings maintained tissue firmness and did not affect weight loss. Our study may provide a scientific basis for the use of SC + CMCH treatment as an alternative preservation treatment for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.     

过二硫酸铵与碘化钾反应速率的探讨

保存二年以上的过二硫酸铵固体试剂，因逐渐分解而使溶液酸度过低，无法定量测出过二硫酸铵与碘化钾反应级数，改变各反应物量并加入适量氟化氢铵，可使反应顺利进行．     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的磷酸酯化改性研究

[目的]研发新型的生物可降解凝胶。[方法]以魔芋葡甘聚糖为主要原料、三聚磷酸钠为交联剂,合成了生物可降解的磷酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖水凝胶,并探讨了该水凝胶的溶胀动力学以及不同反应条件对凝胶平衡溶胀比的影响,并通过体外降解试验分析了该水凝胶的生物可降解性。[结果]该水凝胶在溶胀初期溶胀比迅速增加,随着溶胀时间的延长,溶胀比增长逐渐变慢,8 h后达到溶胀平衡。该水凝胶的平衡溶胀比随魔芋葡甘聚糖用量的增加而逐渐升高,随着交联剂三聚磷酸钠用量的增加而逐渐降低。该水凝胶可被含有β-葡聚糖苷酶的纤维素酶降解,而不能被不含β-葡聚糖苷酶的胰酶等降解,保持了魔芋葡甘聚糖所具有的生物可降解性。[结论]磷酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖水凝胶可作为用于结肠定位释药的生物可降解水凝胶。     

荧光法测定有机磷农药残留总量的条件优化研究

[目的]为农药污染的治理提供有价值的参考和依据。[方法]在pH值6.40的Clark-Lubs缓冲溶液中,加入碱性藏花红(ST)与一定浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),测定荧光强度,再加入有机磷农药,检测荧光强度变化,据此建立测定有机磷农药残留总量的新方法。[结果]有机磷农药残留总量荧光法测定的优化条件为:在室温下,以ST+SDBS为反应体系,ST浓度为5.0×10-6mol/L,SDBS浓度为9.0×10-4mol/L,缓冲溶液pH值为6.40,缓冲溶液用量为1.0 ml,溶液中甲醇的用量控制在10%以内。[结论]试验所建立的测定方法已成功用于土壤中有机磷农药残留总量的检测。     

氯化铵、亚硝酸钠及硫化钠水平对缢蛏存活的影响

研究氯化铵、亚硝酸钠和硫化钠水平对缢蛏(Sinonovaculaconstricta)存活的影响,共3个实验:实验1研究了氯化铵水平(0、100、158、251、398、631、1000和1585mg/L)对缢蛏存活的影响,发现随氯化铵水平的升高,缢蛏存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96h,LC50分别为515.65、163.44、104.99和85.48mg/L,安全浓度为4.93mg/L。实验2研究了亚硝酸钠水平(0、4、10、25、63、158、398和1000mg/L)对缢蛏存活的影响,发现随亚硝酸钠水平的升高,缢蛏存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96h,LC50分别为713.00、217.07、87.90和23.61mg/L,安全浓度为6.04mg/L。实验3研究了硫化钠水平(0、13、25、50、100、200、398、794、1585、3162和6310mg/L)对缢蛏存活的影响,发现随硫化钠水平的升高,缢蛏存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96h,LC50分别为3843.18、2072.71、1011.95和306.30mg/L,安全浓度为180.87mg/L。     

褐藻酸钠涂膜剂的特性研究

对褐藻酸钠凝胶经冻结和解冻处理后的持水能力、凝胶强度、弹性、韧性及状态变化等特性进行了比较试验。结果表明；褐藻酸钠凝胶的这些性质与凝胶体内的钠和钙的比率直接相关；采用２％的褐藻酸钠溶液与５％的氯化钙溶液凝胶化２ｍｉｎ，所形成的凝胶具有很好的涂膜性能。