浅析真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果

介绍大庆石化公司硫氰酸钠回收装置真空转鼓过滤机的结构及工作原理,重点讨论影响过滤效果的主要因素,针对进料、预涂效果和真空度等方面的影响,提出所采取的措施,来保证真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成氯乙酸异戊酯的研究

［目的］以硫酸氢钠为催化剂，由氯乙酸和异戊醇反应合成氯乙酸异戊酯。［方法］研究醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂用量以及催化剂重复使用次数等因素对酯化率的影响。［结果］硫酸氢钠对氯乙酸异戊酯的合成具有良好的催化活性。用硫酸氢钠催化合成氯乙酸异戊酯的最佳反应条件为：氯乙酸0.10mol，异戊醇0.12mol，催化剂用量1.0g，带水剂正己烷用量15ml，74~98℃下反应1.5h，在此最佳条件下酯化率可达92.40%。［结论］为硫酸氢钠催化剂更好地应用于合成氯乙酸异戊酯的反应提供了科学依据。     

Effects of sodium fluoride on hepatic toxicity in adult mice and their suckling pups

In this investigation, we have evaluated the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hepatic function in pregnant and lactating mice and their suckling pups. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar mice given 500 ppm sodium fluoride (226 ppm fluoride ion) in their drinking water from the 15th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. All mice were sacrificed on day 14 after parturition. Our results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of total protein and albumin, a marked hypoglycaemia and a significant decline in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in fluoride-treated mice and their pups. Whereas globulin and biluribin levels in serum were not significantly changed by NaF treatment. On the other hand, serum transaminase activities (aspartate transaminase; alanine transaminase), which well known as markers of liver function, were elevated indicating hepatic cells’ damage after treatment with fluoride. Lipid peroxidation increased in NaF-treated mice and pups, as revealed by high liver malondialdehyde levels, while serum total antioxidant status showed a significant decline. These biochemical modifications in NaF-treated mice also correspond histologically with extensive ballooning, hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. These effects were not observed in controls.     

Evaluation of propolis effects on some biochemical parameters in rats treated with sodium fluoride

The present study in which 42 female rats, each weighing 200−250 g, were used covered a period of 21 days. The animals were divided into six groups. The first group served as the control group, whereas Group 2 was administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 21 days. Group 3 was first provided with normal drinking water for a period of 14 days, and was subsequently administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 7 days. Group 4 was first given normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride as a sodium fluoride in drinking water for 7 days. Group 5 was first administered propolis alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association with 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for 7 days. Finally, Group 6 was first provided with normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for a period of 7 days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were collected from the heart of each animal into both heparinised tubes and tubes without anticoagulants. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and uric acid levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. When compared to the control group, statistical differences were determined to exist with respect to oxidative stress parameters which involved increase in MDA levels in Groups 4−6, decrease in SOD activity in Groups 4 and 6, increase in CAT activity in Groups 5 and 6, and decrease in GSH-Px activity in Groups 4 and 6. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, significant differences were observed with respect to certain serum biochemical parameters, including decrease in glucose levels in Groups 5 and 6, decrease in triglyceride levels in Groups 2 and 4, decrease in cholesterol levels in Groups 2 and 5, decrease in the total protein level of Groups 4−6, decrease in the ALT activity of Groups 5 and 6, increase in the AST activity of Group 4, decrease in the ALP activity of Groups 2−6 and increase in the uric acid level of Group 2. In the groups that were administered propolis in association with fluoride, improvement was observed in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters. Changes determined in the oxidative stress parameters (especially MDA and SOD) were indicative of the anti-radical activity of propolis on the free radicals generated by sodium fluoride. However, the values not drawing completely close to those of the control group can be explained with propolis not being able to completely eliminate the free radicals and the other adverse effects generated by fluoride.     

荷斯坦育肥牛日粮中添加碳酸氢钠的增重效果

荷斯坦育肥牛日粮中添加５０ｇ碳酸氢钠，观察增重效果，试验期５０ｄ。结果表明，试验组牛头均日增重比对照组提高１８．０％，差异显著。     

松针叶绿素与脂溶性复合物的提取

采用置换反应将松针中含镁叶绿素转变成水溶性叶绿素铜钠，用低浓度乙醇浸提并分离脂溶性部分，得到叶绿素铜钠速淀粉，其１％水溶液ｐＨ值为８－９，６００倍稀释呈翠绿色，产品获得率为松针干粉的８％－１０％，同时获得脂溶性复合物，其主要成分为ＶＥ。     

提取菲醌方法研究

采用先处理酸碱深性杂质，改进了亚硫酸氢钠提取方法，产率由７０．４提高到７８．９％，将菲醌与亚硫酸氢钠物质的量比由１：７．０缩小到１：１．８，为降低成本提供了实验依据。     

1,1—二甲基—7—异丙基—1,2,3,4—四氢萘—6—磺酸钠的合成

文章探讨了１，１－二甲基－７－异丙基－１，２，３，４－四氢萘－６－磺酸钠合成的磺化工艺。通过实验室的试验，确定了适宜的工艺条件，１，１－二甲基－７－惜内基－１，２，３，４，－四四氢萘与浓度硫酸的配比为１：１０．５（ｍｏｌ比），反应温度９０±２℃，反应时间２０ｍｉｎ，产品得率达８０．３％。同时测定了产物表面活性性能，可用作表面活性剂。     

Semi-quantitative method to evaluate the α-carbonyl content in lignin

A method to estimate the content of -carbonyl structures in lignin was developed. This method consists of two successive treatments: NaBD₄ treatment of pulp to reduce an -carbonyl structure in lignin, and nitrobenzene oxidation. NaBD₄ was used to convert an -carbonyl structure to a deuterium-labeled hydroxymethine structure. The ratio of D-vanillin [(HO)(H₃CO)C₆H₃CDO] to H-vanillin [(HO)(H₃CO)C₆H₃CHO] or that of their syringyl analogues obtained by nitrobenzene oxidation was used as the measure of the content of -carbonyl structure. Model experiments demonstrated that when sodium hydroxide was used as alkali for the nitrobenzene oxidation, the retention of deuterium at the side chain -position was very low due to the displacement of deuterium with hydrogen by an unknown reaction mechanism. In order to depress this unexpected displacement, the reaction conditions of the nitrobenzene oxidation were modified. The modified nitrobenzene oxidation employs 0.5mol/l of lithium hydroxide as a reaction medium instead of 2.0mol/l sodium hydroxide. By this modification, this method could successfully trace the formation and the degradation of the -carbonyl structure in milled wood lignins.This paper was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Nice, France, June 2001 and at the 46th Lignin Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, November 2001     

快速固化水泥刨花板的工艺试验

以速生杉木加工剩余物为主要原料、Na2SiO3为快速固化添加剂制备水泥刨花板,研究了冷、热压两种压板方式、Na2SiO3添加量、热压温度、热压时间、水灰比、灰木比、水泥种类和刨花形态等因素对水泥刨花板主要性能的影响.结果表明,热压法可适用于水泥刨花板制造,最佳工艺条件为:Na2SiO3添加量10%、热压温度95℃、热压时间12 min、水灰比0.6、灰木比2.6,制备的水泥刨花板的静曲强度达到10 MPa;采用MgCl2后处理能显著改善板的性能.