生物相容型氯氰菊酯农药微乳剂的制备与性质研究

以2-丁酮为溶剂、葡萄糖酯和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂、正丁醇为助表面活性剂,制备生物相容型氯氰菊酯农药微乳剂,通过紫外-可见光光谱测定、负染-电镜分析对体系形貌和结构进行了表征,并进行接触角测定.结果表明,该微乳体系具有较好的热贮稳定性、冷贮稳定性、稀释稳定性和经时稳定性;氯氰菊酯的增溶效果较好,粒径分布均匀,符合微乳剂的标准.在杨福麦7116叶面的接触角较小,易于铺展,适合农业生产上应用.     

海藻酸钠包埋固定胆红素氧化酶的优化

为改善胆红素氧化酶性质,提高酶的使用效率,以海藻酸钠为载体,采用包埋法固定了胆红素氧化酶,并优化了固定化条件,研究了固定化胆红素氧化酶的酶学性质.结果表明:海藻酸钠的质量浓度为0.10 g·mL-1、CaCl,浓度为0.20 mol·L-1、固定时间为1 h、酶的固定化效果最好,固定化酶的平均酶活力回收率达32%,固定...     

硝酸钠浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素积累的影响

研究了0.15、0.30、0.75、1.50 g/L 4种不同硝酸钠营养浓度条件对雨生红球藻生长状况的影响,同时探究了该试验条件对雨生红球藻中虾青素起始积累期和后期积累量的影响,以寻找既能使雨生红球藻在氮源用尽后细胞密度达到或接近最大,同时又能最快直接进入虾青素积累阶段的硝酸钠营养添加浓度。试验结果表明,硝酸钠浓度为0.15 g/L时雨生红球藻细胞生长状况最好,细胞浓度最高可以达到5.19×105个/ml。此条件下细胞尚未停止生长即已有细胞开始积累虾青素,变红(培养的第23天)。使用有机溶剂萃取法以丙酮提取虾青素,硝酸钠浓度为0.15 g/L时,最终虾青素浓度达到19.136 mg/L,是其他硝酸钠浓度下的虾青素含量最大值。     

凹凸棒土/聚丙烯酸钠保水保肥树脂制备及性能

[目的]探讨凹凸棒土/聚丙烯酸钠复合树脂制备的最佳条件及其保水保肥性能。[方法]采用水溶液聚合法合成出高吸水性能的凹凸棒土/聚丙烯酸钠复合树脂,通过正交试验确定制备保水剂的最佳条件,并通过性能研究试验确定最佳条件下制备的保水剂性能指标。[结果]制备吸水剂的最佳条件为：交联剂、凹凸棒土、引发剂用量分别占树脂单体质量的0.050%、15.000%、0.450%,温度为75℃,中和度为90%。在此条件下制备的保水剂性能指标是：蒸馏水吸水倍率为762 g/g;保水剂在室温下24 h的水分蒸发率〈10.00%,在50℃水浴锅中10 h水分蒸发率为99.11%。[结论]该保水剂具有良好的保水保肥性能,对10.0 g/L的尿素溶液的吸附倍率为500g/g;由0.1 g树脂饱和吸附15%尿素溶液后制备的溶胶肥,用50 m l蒸馏水动态淋滤后尿素残留为34.4%。     

海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇交联微球制备参数优化研究

采用海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇为包埋剂,选取交联时间、海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇用量比（SA ∶ PVA）以及海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇的总浓度为影响因素设计L49（52×7）正交实验,探讨包埋的最佳理化条件。以包埋材料的成球效果,包埋小球的硬度、弹性及微观结构为考察指标,比较包埋小球性能,探讨包埋条件。结果发现当SA ∶ PVA为7 ∶ 3,总浓度为4％,交联时间为24 h时包埋效果最佳。     

浅析真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果

介绍大庆石化公司硫氰酸钠回收装置真空转鼓过滤机的结构及工作原理,重点讨论影响过滤效果的主要因素,针对进料、预涂效果和真空度等方面的影响,提出所采取的措施,来保证真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成氯乙酸异戊酯的研究

［目的］以硫酸氢钠为催化剂，由氯乙酸和异戊醇反应合成氯乙酸异戊酯。［方法］研究醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂用量以及催化剂重复使用次数等因素对酯化率的影响。［结果］硫酸氢钠对氯乙酸异戊酯的合成具有良好的催化活性。用硫酸氢钠催化合成氯乙酸异戊酯的最佳反应条件为：氯乙酸0.10mol，异戊醇0.12mol，催化剂用量1.0g，带水剂正己烷用量15ml，74~98℃下反应1.5h，在此最佳条件下酯化率可达92.40%。［结论］为硫酸氢钠催化剂更好地应用于合成氯乙酸异戊酯的反应提供了科学依据。     

Effects of sodium fluoride on hepatic toxicity in adult mice and their suckling pups

In this investigation, we have evaluated the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hepatic function in pregnant and lactating mice and their suckling pups. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar mice given 500 ppm sodium fluoride (226 ppm fluoride ion) in their drinking water from the 15th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. All mice were sacrificed on day 14 after parturition. Our results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of total protein and albumin, a marked hypoglycaemia and a significant decline in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in fluoride-treated mice and their pups. Whereas globulin and biluribin levels in serum were not significantly changed by NaF treatment. On the other hand, serum transaminase activities (aspartate transaminase; alanine transaminase), which well known as markers of liver function, were elevated indicating hepatic cells’ damage after treatment with fluoride. Lipid peroxidation increased in NaF-treated mice and pups, as revealed by high liver malondialdehyde levels, while serum total antioxidant status showed a significant decline. These biochemical modifications in NaF-treated mice also correspond histologically with extensive ballooning, hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. These effects were not observed in controls.     

Evaluation of propolis effects on some biochemical parameters in rats treated with sodium fluoride

The present study in which 42 female rats, each weighing 200−250 g, were used covered a period of 21 days. The animals were divided into six groups. The first group served as the control group, whereas Group 2 was administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 21 days. Group 3 was first provided with normal drinking water for a period of 14 days, and was subsequently administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 7 days. Group 4 was first given normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride as a sodium fluoride in drinking water for 7 days. Group 5 was first administered propolis alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association with 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for 7 days. Finally, Group 6 was first provided with normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for a period of 7 days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were collected from the heart of each animal into both heparinised tubes and tubes without anticoagulants. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and uric acid levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. When compared to the control group, statistical differences were determined to exist with respect to oxidative stress parameters which involved increase in MDA levels in Groups 4−6, decrease in SOD activity in Groups 4 and 6, increase in CAT activity in Groups 5 and 6, and decrease in GSH-Px activity in Groups 4 and 6. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, significant differences were observed with respect to certain serum biochemical parameters, including decrease in glucose levels in Groups 5 and 6, decrease in triglyceride levels in Groups 2 and 4, decrease in cholesterol levels in Groups 2 and 5, decrease in the total protein level of Groups 4−6, decrease in the ALT activity of Groups 5 and 6, increase in the AST activity of Group 4, decrease in the ALP activity of Groups 2−6 and increase in the uric acid level of Group 2. In the groups that were administered propolis in association with fluoride, improvement was observed in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters. Changes determined in the oxidative stress parameters (especially MDA and SOD) were indicative of the anti-radical activity of propolis on the free radicals generated by sodium fluoride. However, the values not drawing completely close to those of the control group can be explained with propolis not being able to completely eliminate the free radicals and the other adverse effects generated by fluoride.     

荷斯坦育肥牛日粮中添加碳酸氢钠的增重效果

荷斯坦育肥牛日粮中添加５０ｇ碳酸氢钠，观察增重效果，试验期５０ｄ。结果表明，试验组牛头均日增重比对照组提高１８．０％，差异显著。